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diff --git a/documentation/cbfs.txt b/documentation/cbfs.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 7ecc9014a1..0000000000 --- a/documentation/cbfs.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,421 +0,0 @@ - -Received: from www.crouse-house.com ([199.45.160.146] - for coreboot@coreboot.org; Fri, 19 Dec 2008 23:11:59 +0100 -From: Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net> - - -Greetings. I apologize for the incompleteness of what I am about to -discuss. I was planning on working on it leisurely, but my employment -circumstances changed and I've been trying to get it completed in a -hurry before I had to leave it behind. - -I've been thinking a lot about LAR lately, and ways to make it more -extensible and robust. Marc and I have been trading ideas back and -forth for a number of months, and over time a clear idea of what I -wanted to do started to take shape. - -My goal was to add small things to LAR while retaining the overall -scheme. Over time, the scheme evolved slightly, but I think you'll find -that it remains true to the original idea. Below is the beginnings of -an architecture document - I did it in text form, but if met with -aclaim, it should be wikified. This presents what I call CBFS - the -next generation LAR for next generation Coreboot. Its easier to -describe what it is by describing what changed: - -A header has been added somewhere in the bootblock similar to Carl -Daniel's scheme. In addition to the coreboot information, the header -reports the size of the ROM, the alignment of the blocks, and the offset -of the first component in the CBFS. The master header provides all -the information LAR needs plus the magic number information flashrom needs. - -Each "file" (or component, as I style them) now has a type associated -with it. The type is used by coreboot to identify the type of file that -it is loading, and it can also be used by payloads to group items in the -CBFS by type (i.e - bayou can ask for all components that are payloads). - -The header on each "file" (or component, as I like to style them) has -been simplified - We now only store the length, the type, the checksum, -and the offset to the data. The name scheme remains the same. The -addtional information, which is component specific, has been moved to -the component itself (see below). - -The components are arranged in the ROM aligned along the specified -alignment from the master header - this is to facilitate partial re-write. - -Other then that, the LAR ideas remain pretty much the same. - -The plan for moving the metadata to the components is to allow many -different kinds of components, not all of which are groked by coreboot. - However, there are three essential component types that are groked by -coreboot, and they are defined: - -stage - the stage is being parsed from the original ELF, and stored in -the ROM as a single blob of binary data. The load address, start -address, compression type and length are stored in the component sub-header. - -payload - this is essentially SELF in different clothing - same idea as -SELF, with the sub-header as above. - -optionrom - This is in flux - right now, the optionrom is stored -unadulterated and uncompressed, but that is likely to be changed. - -Following this email are two replies containing the v3 code and a new -ROM tool to implement this respectively. I told you that I was trying -to get this out before I disappear, and I'm not kidding - the code is -compile tested and not run-tested. I hope that somebody will embrace -this code and take it the rest of the way, otherwise it will die a -pretty short death. - -I realize that this will start an awesome flamewar, and I'm looking -forward to it. Thanks for listening to me over the years - and good -luck with coreboot. When you all make a million dollars, send me a few -bucks, will you? - -Jordan - -Coreboot CBFS Specification -Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net> - -= Introduction = - -This document describes the coreboot CBFS specification (from here -referred to as CBFS). CBFS is a scheme for managing independent chunks -of data in a system ROM. Though not a true filesystem, the style and -concepts are similar. - - -= Architecture = - -The CBFS architecture looks like the following: - -/---------------\ <-- Start of ROM -| /-----------\ | --| -| | Header | | | -| |-----------| | | -| | Name | | |-- Component -| |-----------| | | -| |Data | | | -| |.. | | | -| \-----------/ | --| -| | -| /-----------\ | -| | Header | | -| |-----------| | -| | Name | | -| |-----------| | -| |Data | | -| |.. | | -| \-----------/ | -| | -| ... | -| /-----------\ | -| | | | -| | Bootblock | | -| | --------- | | -| | Reset | | <- 0xFFFFFFF0 -| \-----------/ | -\---------------/ - - -The CBFS architecture consists of a binary associated with a physical -ROM disk referred hereafter as the ROM. A number of independent of -components, each with a header prepended on to data are located within -the ROM. The components are nominally arranged sequentially, though they -are aligned along a pre-defined boundary. - -The bootblock occupies the last 20k of the ROM. Within -the bootblock is a master header containing information about the ROM -including the size, alignment of the components, and the offset of the -start of the first CBFS component within the ROM. - -= Master Header = - -The master header contains essential information about the ROM that is -used by both the CBFS implementation within coreboot at runtime as well -as host based utilities to create and manage the ROM. The master header -will be located somewhere within the bootblock (last 20k of the ROM). A -pointer to the location of the header will be located at offset --4 from the end of the ROM. This translates to address 0xFFFFFFFC on a -normal x86 system. The pointer will be to physical memory somewhere -between - 0xFFFFB000 and 0xFFFFFFF0. This makes it easier for coreboot -to locate the header at run time. Build time utilities will -need to read the pointer and do the appropriate math to locate the header. - -The following is the structure of the master header: - -struct cbfs_header { - u32 magic; - u32 version; - u32 romsize; - u32 bootblocksize; - u32 align; - u32 offset; - u32 architecture; - u32 pad[1]; -} __attribute__((packed)); - -The meaning of each member is as follows: - -'magic' is a 32 bit number that identifies the ROM as a CBFS type. The -magic -number is 0x4F524243, which is 'ORBC' in ASCII. - -'version' is a version number for CBFS header. cbfs_header structure may be -different if version is not matched. - -'romsize' is the size of the ROM in bytes. Coreboot will subtract 'size' from -0xFFFFFFFF to locate the beginning of the ROM in memory. - -'bootblocksize' is the size of bootblock reserved in firmware image. - -'align' is the number of bytes that each component is aligned to within the -ROM. This is used to make sure that each component is aligned correctly -with -regards to the erase block sizes on the ROM - allowing one to replace a -component at runtime without disturbing the others. - -'offset' is the offset of the the first CBFS component (from the start of -the ROM). This is to allow for arbitrary space to be left at the beginning -of the ROM for things like embedded controller firmware. - -'architecture' describes which architecture (x86, arm, ...) this CBFS is created -for. - -= Bootblock = -The bootblock is a mandatory component in the ROM. It is located in the -last -20k of the ROM space, and contains, among other things, the location of the -master header and the entry point for the loader firmware. The bootblock -does not have a component header attached to it. - -= Components = - -CBFS components are placed in the ROM starting at 'offset' specified in -the master header and ending at the bootblock. Thus the total size -available -for components in the ROM is (ROM size - 20k - 'offset'). Each CBFS -component is to be aligned according to the 'align' value in the header. -Thus, if a component of size 1052 is located at offset 0 with an 'align' -value -of 1024, the next component will be located at offset 2048. - -Each CBFS component will be indexed with a unique ASCII string name of -unlimited size. - -Each CBFS component starts with a header: - -struct cbfs_file { - char magic[8]; - unsigned int len; - unsigned int type; - unsigned int checksum; - unsigned int offset; -}; - -'magic' is a magic value used to identify the header. During runtime, -coreboot will scan the ROM looking for this value. The default magic is -the string 'LARCHIVE'. - -'len' is the length of the data, not including the size of the header and -the size of the name. - -'type' is a 32 bit number indicating the type of data that is attached. -The data type is used in a number of ways, as detailed in the section -below. - -'checksum' is a 32bit checksum of the entire component, including the -header and name. - -'offset' is the start of the component data, based off the start of the -header. -The difference between the size of the header and offset is the size of the -component name. - -Immediately following the header will be the name of the component, -which will -null terminated and 16 byte aligned. The following picture shows the -structure of the header: - -/--------\ <- start -| Header | -|--------| <- sizeof(struct cbfs_file) -| Name | -|--------| <- 'offset' -| Data | -| ... | -\--------/ <- start + 'offset' + 'len' - -== Searching Alogrithm == - -To locate a specific component in the ROM, one starts at the 'offset' -specified in the CBFS master header. For this example, the offset will -be 0. - - From that offset, the code should search for the magic string on the -component, jumping 'align' bytes each time. So, assuming that 'align' is -16, the code will search for the string 'LARCHIVE' at offset 0, 16, 32, etc. -If the offset ever exceeds the allowable range for CBFS components, then no -component was found. - -Upon recognizing a component, the software then has to search for the -specific name of the component. This is accomplished by comparing the -desired name with the string on the component located at -offset + sizeof(struct cbfs_file). If the string matches, then the -component -has been located, otherwise the software should add 'offset' + 'len' to -the offset and resume the search for the magic value. - -== Data Types == - -The 'type' member of struct cbfs_file is used to identify the content -of the component data, and is used by coreboot and other -run-time entities to make decisions about how to handle the data. - -There are three component types that are essential to coreboot, and so -are defined here. - -=== Stages === - -Stages are code loaded by coreboot during the boot process. They are -essential to a successful boot. Stages are comprised of a single blob -of binary data that is to be loaded into a particular location in memory -and executed. The uncompressed header contains information about how -large the data is, and where it should be placed, and what additional memory -needs to be cleared. - -Stages are assigned a component value of 0x10. When coreboot sees this -component type, it knows that it should pass the data to a sub-function -that will process the stage. - -The following is the format of a stage component: - -/--------\ -| Header | -|--------| -| Binary | -| .. | -\--------/ - -The header is defined as: - -struct cbfs_stage { - unsigned int compression; - unsigned long long entry; - unsigned long long load; - unsigned int len; - unsigned int memlen; -}; - -'compression' is an integer defining how the data is compressed. There -are three compression types defined by this version of the standard: -none (0x0), lzma (0x1), and nrv2b (0x02, deprecated), though additional -types may be added assuming that coreboot understands how to handle the scheme. - -'entry' is a 64 bit value indicating the location where the program -counter should jump following the loading of the stage. This should be -an absolute physical memory address. - -'load' is a 64 bit value indicating where the subsequent data should be -loaded. This should be an absolute physical memory address. - -'len' is the length of the compressed data in the component. - -'memlen' is the amount of memory that will be used by the component when -it is loaded. - -The component data will start immediately following the header. - -When coreboot loads a stage, it will first zero the memory from 'load' to -'memlen'. It will then decompress the component data according to the -specified scheme and place it in memory starting at 'load'. Following that, -it will jump execution to the address specified by 'entry'. -Some components are designed to execute directly from the ROM - coreboot -knows which components must do that and will act accordingly. - -=== Payloads === - -Payloads are loaded by coreboot following the boot process. - -Stages are assigned a component value of 0x20. When coreboot sees this -component type, it knows that it should pass the data to a sub-function -that will process the payload. Furthermore, other run time -applications such as 'bayou' may easily index all available payloads -on the system by searching for the payload type. - - -The following is the format of a stage component: - -/-----------\ -| Header | -| Segment 1 | -| Segment 2 | -| ... | -|-----------| -| Binary | -| .. | -\-----------/ - -The header is as follows: - -struct cbfs_payload { - struct cbfs_payload_segment segments; -} - -The header contains a number of segments corresponding to the segments -that need to be loaded for the payload. - -The following is the structure of each segment header: - -struct cbfs_payload_segment { - unsigned int type; - unsigned int compression; - unsigned int offset; - unsigned long long load_addr; - unsigned int len; - unsigned int mem_len; -}; - -'type' is the type of segment, one of the following: - -PAYLOAD_SEGMENT_CODE 0x45444F43 The segment contains executable code -PAYLOAD_SEGMENT_DATA 0x41544144 The segment contains data -PAYLOAD_SEGMENT_BSS 0x20535342 The memory speicfied by the segment - should be zeroed -PAYLOAD_SEGMENT_PARAMS 0x41524150 The segment contains information for - the payload -PAYLOAD_SEGMENT_ENTRY 0x52544E45 The segment contains the entry point - for the payload - -'compression' is the compression scheme for the segment. Each segment can -be independently compressed. There are three compression types defined by -this version of the standard: none (0x0), lzma (0x1), and nrv2b -(0x02, deprecated), though additional types may be added assuming that -coreboot understands how to handle the scheme. - -'offset' is the address of the data within the component, starting from -the component header. - -'load_addr' is a 64 bit value indicating where the segment should be placed -in memory. - -'len' is a 32 bit value indicating the size of the segment within the -component. - -'mem_len' is the size of the data when it is placed into memory. - -The data will located immediately following the last segment. - -=== Option ROMS === - -The third specified component type will be Option ROMs. Option ROMS will -have component type '0x30'. They will have no additional header, the -uncompressed binary data will be located in the data portion of the -component. - -=== NULL === - -There is a 4th component type ,defined as NULL (0xFFFFFFFF). This is -the "don't care" component type. This can be used when the component -type is not necessary (such as when the name of the component is unique. -i.e. option_table). It is recommended that all components be assigned a -unique type, but NULL can be used when the type does not matter. |