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authorJordan Crouse <jordan.crouse@amd.com>2008-03-19 23:56:58 +0000
committerJordan Crouse <jordan.crouse@amd.com>2008-03-19 23:56:58 +0000
commitf6145c3c15789123f6b4a9ce64a517048e753762 (patch)
tree0d56f31bd3f7051766c03f00d46f40511446aa96 /payloads/libpayload/libc
parentc221349746299537de9e01a0bcfb28485b15ef84 (diff)
libpayload: The initial chunk of code writen by AMD
This is the initial chunk of code written by me and copyrighted by AMD. Includes everything but a few files that we pulled from outside sources. Signed-off-by: Jordan Crouse <jordan.crouse@amd.com> Acked-by: Uwe Hermann <uwe@hermann-uwe.de> git-svn-id: svn://svn.coreboot.org/coreboot/trunk@3170 2b7e53f0-3cfb-0310-b3e9-8179ed1497e1
Diffstat (limited to 'payloads/libpayload/libc')
-rw-r--r--payloads/libpayload/libc/Makefile.inc32
-rw-r--r--payloads/libpayload/libc/console.c104
-rw-r--r--payloads/libpayload/libc/ctype.c60
-rw-r--r--payloads/libpayload/libc/malloc.c262
-rw-r--r--payloads/libpayload/libc/string.c195
5 files changed, 653 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/payloads/libpayload/libc/Makefile.inc b/payloads/libpayload/libc/Makefile.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f42f836174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/payloads/libpayload/libc/Makefile.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#
+# This file is part of the libpayload project.
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2008 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+# are met:
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+# derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+# OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+# OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+# SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+TARGETS-y += libc/malloc.o libc/printf.o libc/console.o libc/string.o
+TARGETS-y += libc/memory.o libc/ctype.o
+TARGETS-y += libc/ipchecksum.o
diff --git a/payloads/libpayload/libc/console.c b/payloads/libpayload/libc/console.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb7dec1f94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/payloads/libpayload/libc/console.c
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the libpayload project.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <libpayload.h>
+
+void console_init(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE
+ vga_init();
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_CONSOLE
+ serial_init();
+#endif
+}
+
+static void device_putchar(unsigned char c)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE
+ vga_putchar(0x700| c);
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_CONSOLE
+ serial_putchar(c);
+#endif
+}
+
+int putchar(int c)
+{
+ c &= 0xff;
+ if (c == '\n')
+ device_putchar('\r');
+ device_putchar(c);
+ return c;
+}
+
+int puts(const char *s)
+{
+ int n = 0;
+
+ while (*s) {
+ putchar(*s++);
+ n++;
+ }
+
+ putchar('\n');
+ return n+1;
+}
+
+int havekey(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_CONSOLE
+ if (serial_havechar())
+ return 1;
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_PC_KEYBOARD
+ if (keyboard_havechar())
+ return 1;
+#endif
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* This returns an ascii value - the two getchar functions
+ cook the respective input from the device
+*/
+
+int getchar(void)
+{
+ while (1) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_CONSOLE
+ if (serial_havechar())
+ return serial_getchar();
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_PC_KEYBOARD
+ if (keyboard_havechar())
+ return keyboard_getchar();
+#endif
+ }
+}
+
diff --git a/payloads/libpayload/libc/ctype.c b/payloads/libpayload/libc/ctype.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c2f42a52d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/payloads/libpayload/libc/ctype.c
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the libpayload project.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/* Basic ctype functions */
+
+#include <libpayload.h>
+
+int isspace(int c)
+{
+ switch (c) {
+ case ' ': case '\f': case '\n':
+ case '\r': case '\t': case '\v':
+ return 1;
+ default:
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+int isdigit(int c)
+{
+ switch (c) {
+ case '0'...'9':
+ return 1;
+ default:
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+int tolower(int c)
+{
+ if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
+ return c - 'A' + 'a';
+ return c;
+}
diff --git a/payloads/libpayload/libc/malloc.c b/payloads/libpayload/libc/malloc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4877e67d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/payloads/libpayload/libc/malloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the libpayload project.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/* This is a classically weak malloc() implmentation.
+ We have a relatively small and static heap, so we take
+ the easy route with an O(N) loop through the tree for
+ every malloc() and free(). Obviously, this doesn't scale
+ past a few hundred K (if that).
+
+ We're also susecptable to the usual buffer overun poisoning,
+ though the risk is within acceptable ranges for this
+ implementation (don't overrun your buffers, kids!)
+*/
+
+#include <libpayload.h>
+
+/* Defined in the ldscript */
+extern char _heap, _eheap;
+
+static void *hstart = (void *) &_heap;
+static void *hend = (void *) &_eheap;
+
+typedef unsigned int hdrtype_t;
+
+#define MAGIC (0x2a << 26)
+#define FLAG_FREE (1 << 25)
+#define FLAG_USED (1 << 24)
+
+#define SIZE(_h) ((_h) & 0xFFFFFF)
+
+#define _HEADER(_s, _f) ((hdrtype_t) (MAGIC | (_f) | ((_s) & 0xFFFFFF)))
+
+#define FREE_BLOCK(_s) _HEADER(_s, FLAG_FREE)
+#define USED_BLOCK(_s) _HEADER(_s, FLAG_USED)
+
+#define HDRSIZE (sizeof(hdrtype_t))
+
+#define IS_FREE(_h) (((_h) & (MAGIC | FLAG_FREE)) == (MAGIC | FLAG_FREE))
+#define HAS_MAGIC(_h) (((_h) & MAGIC) == MAGIC)
+
+void print_malloc_map(void);
+
+static void setup(void)
+{
+ int size = (unsigned int) (_heap - _eheap) - HDRSIZE;
+ *((hdrtype_t *) hstart) = FREE_BLOCK(size);
+}
+
+static void *alloc(int len)
+{
+ hdrtype_t header;
+ void *ptr = hstart;
+
+ /* align the size */
+ len = (len + 3) & ~3;
+
+ if (!len || len > 0xFFFFFF)
+ return (void *) NULL;
+
+ /* Make sure the region is setup correctly */
+ if (!HAS_MAGIC(*((hdrtype_t *) ptr)))
+ setup();
+
+ /* Find some free space */
+
+ do {
+ header = *((hdrtype_t *) ptr);
+ int size = SIZE(header);
+
+ if (header & FLAG_FREE) {
+
+ if (len <= size) {
+ void *nptr = ptr + HDRSIZE + len;
+ int nsize = size - (len + 8);
+
+ /* Mark the block as used */
+ *((hdrtype_t *) ptr) = USED_BLOCK(len);
+
+ /* If there is still room in this block,
+ * then mark it as such */
+
+ if (nsize > 0)
+ *((hdrtype_t *) nptr) =
+ FREE_BLOCK(nsize - 4);
+
+ return (void *) (ptr + HDRSIZE);
+ }
+ }
+
+ ptr += HDRSIZE + size;
+
+ } while(ptr < hend);
+
+ /* Nothing available */
+ return (void *) NULL;
+}
+
+static void _consolidate(void)
+{
+ void *ptr = hstart;
+
+ while(ptr < hend) {
+ void *nptr;
+ hdrtype_t hdr = *((hdrtype_t *) ptr);
+ unsigned int size = 0;
+
+ if (!IS_FREE(hdr)) {
+ ptr += HDRSIZE + SIZE(hdr);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ size = SIZE(hdr);
+ nptr = ptr + HDRSIZE + SIZE(hdr);
+
+ while (nptr < hend) {
+ hdrtype_t nhdr = *((hdrtype_t *) nptr);
+
+ if (!(IS_FREE(nhdr)))
+ break;
+
+ size += SIZE(nhdr) + HDRSIZE;
+
+ *((hdrtype_t *) nptr) = 0;
+
+ nptr += (HDRSIZE + SIZE(nhdr));
+ }
+
+ *((hdrtype_t *) ptr) = FREE_BLOCK(size);
+ ptr = nptr;
+ }
+}
+
+void free(void *ptr)
+{
+ hdrtype_t hdr;
+
+ ptr -= HDRSIZE;
+
+ /* Sanity check */
+ if (ptr < hstart || ptr >= hend)
+ return;
+
+ hdr = *((hdrtype_t *) ptr);
+
+ /* Not our header (we're probably poisoned) */
+ if (!HAS_MAGIC(hdr))
+ return;
+
+ /* Double free */
+ if (hdr & FLAG_FREE)
+ return;
+
+ *((hdrtype_t *) ptr) = FREE_BLOCK(SIZE(hdr));
+ _consolidate();
+}
+
+void *malloc(size_t size)
+{
+ return alloc(size);
+}
+
+void *calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
+{
+ unsigned int total = (nmemb * size);
+ void *ptr = alloc(size);
+
+ if (ptr)
+ memset(ptr, 0, total);
+
+ return ptr;
+}
+
+void *realloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+ void *ret;
+ void *pptr;
+ unsigned int osize;
+
+ if (ptr == NULL)
+ return alloc(size);
+
+ pptr = ptr - HDRSIZE;
+
+ if (!HAS_MAGIC(*((hdrtype_t *) pptr)))
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* Get the original size of the block */
+ osize = SIZE(*((hdrtype_t *) pptr));
+
+ /* Free the memory to update the tables - this
+ won't touch the actual memory, so we can still
+ use it for the copy after we have reallocated
+ the new space
+ */
+
+ free(ptr);
+ ret = alloc(size);
+
+ /* if ret == NULL, then doh - failure.
+ if ret == ptr then woo-hoo! no copy needed */
+
+ if (ret == NULL || ret == ptr)
+ return ret;
+
+ /* Copy the memory to the new location */
+ memcpy(ret, ptr, osize > size ? size : osize);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* This is for debugging purposes */
+#ifdef TEST
+
+void print_malloc_map(void)
+{
+ void *ptr = hstart;
+
+ while(ptr < hend) {
+ hdrtype_t hdr = *((hdrtype_t *) ptr);
+
+ if (!HAS_MAGIC(hdr)) {
+ printf("Poisoned magic - we're toast\n");
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* FIXME: Verify the size of the block */
+
+ printf("%x: %s (%x bytes)\n",
+ (unsigned int) (ptr - hstart),
+ hdr & FLAG_FREE ? "FREE" : "USED",
+ SIZE(hdr));
+
+ ptr += HDRSIZE + SIZE(hdr);
+ }
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/payloads/libpayload/libc/string.c b/payloads/libpayload/libc/string.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9f0603387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/payloads/libpayload/libc/string.c
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the libpayload project.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Uwe Hermann <uwe@hermann-uwe.de>
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <libpayload.h>
+#include <arch/types.h>
+
+/**
+ * Calculate the length of a fixed-size string.
+ *
+ * @param str The input string.
+ * @param maxlen Return at most maxlen characters as length of the string.
+ * @return The length of the string, not including the final NUL character.
+ * The maximum length returned is maxlen.
+ */
+size_t strnlen(const char *str, size_t maxlen)
+{
+ size_t len = 0;
+
+ /* NULL and empty strings have length 0. */
+ if (!str)
+ return 0;
+
+ /* Loop until we find a NUL character, or maxlen is reached. */
+ while ((*str++ != '\0') && (len < maxlen))
+ len++;
+
+ return len;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculate the length of a string.
+ *
+ * @param str The input string.
+ * @return The length of the string, not including the final NUL character.
+ */
+size_t strlen(const char *str)
+{
+ size_t len = 0;
+
+ /* NULL and empty strings have length 0. */
+ if (!str)
+ return 0;
+
+ /* Loop until we find a NUL character. */
+ while (*str++ != '\0')
+ len++;
+
+ return len;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compare two strings.
+ *
+ * @param s1 The first string.
+ * @param s2 The second string.
+ * @return Returns a value less than zero, if s1 is shorter than s2. Returns
+ * zero, if s1 equals s2. Returns a value greater than zero, if
+ * s1 is longer than s2.
+ */
+int strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2)
+{
+ char c1, c2;
+
+ /* Set c1 == c2, so that we can enter the while loop. */
+ c1 = 0;
+ c2 = 0;
+
+ /* Compare characters until they differ, or one of the strings ends. */
+ while (c1 == c2) {
+ /* Read the next character from each string. */
+ c1 = *s1++;
+ c2 = *s2++;
+
+ /* Return something negative (if s1 is shorter than s2), or
+ zero (if s1 equals s2). */
+ if (c1 == '\0')
+ return c1 - c2;
+ }
+
+ /* Return someting positive (if s1 is longer than s2), or zero (if s1
+ and s2 are equal). */
+ return c1 - c2;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compare two strings with fixed length.
+ *
+ * @param s1 The first string.
+ * @param s2 The second string.
+ * @param maxlen Return at most maxlen characters as length of the string.
+ * @return A non-zero value if s1 and s2 differ, or zero if s1 equals s2.
+ */
+int strncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, int maxlen)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < maxlen; i++) {
+ if (s1[i] != s2[i])
+ return s1[i] - s2[i];
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+char *strncpy(char *d, const char *s, int n)
+{
+ /* use +1 to get the null terminator */
+
+ int max = n > strlen(s) + 1 ? strlen(s) + 1 : n;
+ int i;
+
+ for(i = 0; i < max; i++)
+ d[i] = (char) s[i];
+
+ return d;
+}
+
+char *strncat(char *d, const char *s, int n)
+{
+ char *p = d + strlen(d);
+ int max = n > strlen(s) ? strlen(s) : n;
+ int i;
+
+ for(i = 0; i < max; i++)
+ p[i] = s[i];
+
+ p[i] = '\0';
+ return d;
+}
+
+char * strchr(const char *s, int c)
+{
+ char *p = (char *) s;
+
+ for( ; *p != 0; p++) {
+ if (*p == c)
+ return p;
+ }
+
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+char *strdup(const char *s)
+{
+ int n = strlen(s);
+ char *p = malloc(n);
+
+ if (p != NULL)
+ strncpy(p, s, n);
+
+ return p;
+}
+
+char *strstr(const char *h, const char *n)
+{
+ int hn = strlen(h);
+ int nn = strlen(n);
+ int i;
+
+ for(i = 0; i <= hn - nn; i++)
+ if (!strcmp(&h[i], n))
+ return (char *) &h[i];
+
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+