Add MAINTAINERS file

Add a Linux style MAINTAINERS file and the get_maintainer.pl
script from the Linux kernel source (adapted to work in the
coreboot source tree)

Change-Id: I983e30c20c371d238cfa7c0a074587b731387c63
Signed-off-by: Stefan Reinauer <stefan.reinauer@coreboot.org>
Reviewed-on: http://review.coreboot.org/10021
Reviewed-by: Patrick Georgi <pgeorgi@google.com>
Tested-by: build bot (Jenkins)

2 files changed, 2401 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76e4c4c9ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+
+
+	List of maintainers and how to submit coreboot changes
+
+Please try to follow the guidelines below.  This will make things
+easier on the maintainers.  Not all of these guidelines matter for every
+trivial patch so apply some common sense.
+
+1.	Always _test_ your changes, however small, on at least 1 or
+	2 people, preferably many more.
+
+2.	Try to release a few ALPHA test versions to gerrit. Announce
+	them onto the coreboot mailing list and IRC channel and await
+	results. This is especially important on coreboot core changes,
+	but also for device drivers, because often that's the only way
+	you will find things like the fact revision 3 chipset needs
+	a magic fix you didn't know about, or some clown changed the
+	chips on a board and not its name.  (Don't laugh!)
+
+3.	Make sure your changes compile correctly in multiple
+	configurations. In particular check that changes work for all
+	boards in the tree (use abuild!)
+
+4.	When you are happy with a change make it generally available for
+	testing in gerrit and await feedback.
+
+5.	Make your patch available through coreboot's gerrit code review
+	system, and add the relevant maintainer from this list as a code
+	reviewer. Be prepared to get your changes sent back with seemingly
+	silly requests about formatting and variable names.  These aren't
+	as silly as they seem. One job the maintainers do is to keep
+	things looking the same.  Sometimes this means that the clever
+	hack in your mainboard or chipset to get around a problem actually
+	needs to become a generalized coreboot feature ready for next time.
+
+	PLEASE check your patch with the automated style checker
+	(util/lint/checkpatch.pl) to catch trival style violations.
+	See http://coreboot.org/Coding_Style for guidance here.
+
+	PLEASE add the maintainers that are generated by
+	util/scripts/get_maintainer.pl as reviewers.  The results returned
+	by the script will be best if you have git installed and are
+	making your changes in a branch derived from coreboot.org's latest
+	git tree.
+
+	PLEASE try to include any credit lines you want added with the
+	patch. It avoids people being missed off by mistake and makes
+	it easier to know who wants adding and who doesn't.
+
+	PLEASE document known bugs. If it doesn't work for everything
+	or does something very odd once a month document it.
+
+	PLEASE remember that submissions must be made under the terms
+	of the OSDL certificate of contribution and should include a
+	Signed-off-by: line.  The current version of this "Developer's
+	Certificate of Origin" (DCO) is listed at
+	http://coreboot.org/Development_Guidelines#Sign-off_Procedure.
+
+6.	Make sure you have the right to send any changes you make. If you
+	do changes at work you may find your employer owns the patch
+	not you.
+
+7.	Happy hacking.
+
+Descriptions of section entries:
+
+	M: Mail patches to: FullName <address@domain>
+	R: Designated reviewer: FullName <address@domain>
+	   These reviewers should be CCed on patches.
+	L: Mailing list that is relevant to this area
+	W: Web-page with status/info
+	Q: Patchwork web based patch tracking system site
+	T: SCM tree type and location.
+	   Type is one of: git, hg, quilt, stgit, topgit
+	S: Status, one of the following:
+	   Supported:	Someone is actually paid to look after this.
+	   Maintained:	Someone actually looks after it.
+	   Odd Fixes:	It has a maintainer but they don't have time to do
+			much other than throw the odd patch in. See below..
+	   Orphan:	No current maintainer [but maybe you could take the
+			role as you write your new code].
+	   Obsolete:	Old code. Something tagged obsolete generally means
+			it has been replaced by a better system and you
+			should be using that.
+	F: Files and directories with wildcard patterns.
+	   A trailing slash includes all files and subdirectory files.
+	   F:	drivers/net/	all files in and below drivers/net
+	   F:	drivers/net/*	all files in drivers/net, but not below
+	   F:	*/net/*		all files in "any top level directory"/net
+	   One pattern per line.  Multiple F: lines acceptable.
+	N: Files and directories with regex patterns.
+	   N:	[^a-z]tegra	all files whose path contains the word tegra
+	   One pattern per line.  Multiple N: lines acceptable.
+	   scripts/get_maintainer.pl has different behavior for files that
+	   match F: pattern and matches of N: patterns.  By default,
+	   get_maintainer will not look at git log history when an F: pattern
+	   match occurs.  When an N: match occurs, git log history is used
+	   to also notify the people that have git commit signatures.
+	X: Files and directories that are NOT maintained, same rules as F:
+	   Files exclusions are tested before file matches.
+	   Can be useful for excluding a specific subdirectory, for instance:
+	   F:	net/
+	   X:	net/ipv6/
+	   matches all files in and below net excluding net/ipv6/
+	K: Keyword perl extended regex pattern to match content in a
+	   patch or file.  For instance:
+	   K: of_get_profile
+	      matches patches or files that contain "of_get_profile"
+	   K: \b(printk|pr_(info|err))\b
+	      matches patches or files that contain one or more of the words
+	      printk, pr_info or pr_err
+	   One regex pattern per line.  Multiple K: lines acceptable.
+
+Note: For the hard of thinking, this list is meant to remain in alphabetical
+order. If you could add yourselves to it in alphabetical order that would be
+so much easier [Ed]
+
+Maintainers List (try to look for most precise areas first)
+
+		-----------------------------------
+
+RISC-V ARCHITECTURE
+M:	Ronald Minnich <rminnich@gmail.com>
+S:	Maintained
+F:	src/arch/riscv
+F:	src/mainboard/emulation/qemu-riscv
+
+GOOGLE PANTHER MAINBOARD
+M:	Stefan Reinauer <stefan.reinauer@coreboot.org>
+S:	Supported
+F:	src/mainboard/google/panther
+
+ATI MACH64 Driver
+S:	Orphan
+F:	drivers/ati/mach64
+
+THE REST
+M:	Stefan Reinauer <stefan.reinauer@coreboot.org>
+L:	coreboot@coreboot.org
+T:	git http://review.coreboot.org/coreboot
+S:	Buried alive in mainboards
+F:	*
+F:	*/
diff --git a/util/scripts/get_maintainer.pl b/util/scripts/get_maintainer.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..51e6275cb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/scripts/get_maintainer.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,2258 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+# (c) 2007, Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
+#           created from checkpatch.pl
+#
+# Print selected MAINTAINERS information for
+# the files modified in a patch or for a file
+#
+# usage: perl scripts/get_maintainer.pl [OPTIONS] <patch>
+#        perl scripts/get_maintainer.pl [OPTIONS] -f <file>
+#
+# Licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL License version 2
+
+use strict;
+
+my $P = $0;
+my $V = '0.26';
+
+use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_auto_abbrev);
+
+my $lk_path = "./";
+my $email = 1;
+my $email_usename = 1;
+my $email_maintainer = 1;
+my $email_reviewer = 1;
+my $email_list = 1;
+my $email_subscriber_list = 0;
+my $email_git_penguin_chiefs = 0;
+my $email_git = 0;
+my $email_git_all_signature_types = 0;
+my $email_git_blame = 0;
+my $email_git_blame_signatures = 1;
+my $email_git_fallback = 1;
+my $email_git_min_signatures = 1;
+my $email_git_max_maintainers = 5;
+my $email_git_min_percent = 5;
+my $email_git_since = "1-year-ago";
+my $email_hg_since = "-365";
+my $interactive = 0;
+my $email_remove_duplicates = 1;
+my $email_use_mailmap = 1;
+my $output_multiline = 1;
+my $output_separator = ", ";
+my $output_roles = 0;
+my $output_rolestats = 1;
+my $scm = 0;
+my $web = 0;
+my $subsystem = 0;
+my $status = 0;
+my $keywords = 1;
+my $sections = 0;
+my $file_emails = 0;
+my $from_filename = 0;
+my $pattern_depth = 0;
+my $version = 0;
+my $help = 0;
+
+my $vcs_used = 0;
+
+my $exit = 0;
+
+my %commit_author_hash;
+my %commit_signer_hash;
+
+my @penguin_chief = ();
+push(@penguin_chief, "Linus Torvalds:torvalds\@linux-foundation.org");
+#Andrew wants in on most everything - 2009/01/14
+#push(@penguin_chief, "Andrew Morton:akpm\@linux-foundation.org");
+
+my @penguin_chief_names = ();
+foreach my $chief (@penguin_chief) {
+    if ($chief =~ m/^(.*):(.*)/) {
+	my $chief_name = $1;
+	my $chief_addr = $2;
+	push(@penguin_chief_names, $chief_name);
+    }
+}
+my $penguin_chiefs = "\(" . join("|", @penguin_chief_names) . "\)";
+
+# Signature types of people who are either
+# 	a) responsible for the code in question, or
+# 	b) familiar enough with it to give relevant feedback
+my @signature_tags = ();
+push(@signature_tags, "Signed-off-by:");
+push(@signature_tags, "Reviewed-by:");
+push(@signature_tags, "Acked-by:");
+
+my $signature_pattern = "\(" . join("|", @signature_tags) . "\)";
+
+# rfc822 email address - preloaded methods go here.
+my $rfc822_lwsp = "(?:(?:\\r\\n)?[ \\t])";
+my $rfc822_char = '[\\000-\\377]';
+
+# VCS command support: class-like functions and strings
+
+my %VCS_cmds;
+
+my %VCS_cmds_git = (
+    "execute_cmd" => \&git_execute_cmd,
+    "available" => '(which("git") ne "") && (-e ".git")',
+    "find_signers_cmd" =>
+	"git log --no-color --follow --since=\$email_git_since " .
+	    '--numstat --no-merges ' .
+	    '--format="GitCommit: %H%n' .
+		      'GitAuthor: %an <%ae>%n' .
+		      'GitDate: %aD%n' .
+		      'GitSubject: %s%n' .
+		      '%b%n"' .
+	    " -- \$file",
+    "find_commit_signers_cmd" =>
+	"git log --no-color " .
+	    '--numstat ' .
+	    '--format="GitCommit: %H%n' .
+		      'GitAuthor: %an <%ae>%n' .
+		      'GitDate: %aD%n' .
+		      'GitSubject: %s%n' .
+		      '%b%n"' .
+	    " -1 \$commit",
+    "find_commit_author_cmd" =>
+	"git log --no-color " .
+	    '--numstat ' .
+	    '--format="GitCommit: %H%n' .
+		      'GitAuthor: %an <%ae>%n' .
+		      'GitDate: %aD%n' .
+		      'GitSubject: %s%n"' .
+	    " -1 \$commit",
+    "blame_range_cmd" => "git blame -l -L \$diff_start,+\$diff_length \$file",
+    "blame_file_cmd" => "git blame -l \$file",
+    "commit_pattern" => "^GitCommit: ([0-9a-f]{40,40})",
+    "blame_commit_pattern" => "^([0-9a-f]+) ",
+    "author_pattern" => "^GitAuthor: (.*)",
+    "subject_pattern" => "^GitSubject: (.*)",
+    "stat_pattern" => "^(\\d+)\\t(\\d+)\\t\$file\$",
+);
+
+my %VCS_cmds_hg = (
+    "execute_cmd" => \&hg_execute_cmd,
+    "available" => '(which("hg") ne "") && (-d ".hg")',
+    "find_signers_cmd" =>
+	"hg log --date=\$email_hg_since " .
+	    "--template='HgCommit: {node}\\n" .
+	                "HgAuthor: {author}\\n" .
+			"HgSubject: {desc}\\n'" .
+	    " -- \$file",
+    "find_commit_signers_cmd" =>
+	"hg log " .
+	    "--template='HgSubject: {desc}\\n'" .
+	    " -r \$commit",
+    "find_commit_author_cmd" =>
+	"hg log " .
+	    "--template='HgCommit: {node}\\n" .
+		        "HgAuthor: {author}\\n" .
+			"HgSubject: {desc|firstline}\\n'" .
+	    " -r \$commit",
+    "blame_range_cmd" => "",		# not supported
+    "blame_file_cmd" => "hg blame -n \$file",
+    "commit_pattern" => "^HgCommit: ([0-9a-f]{40,40})",
+    "blame_commit_pattern" => "^([ 0-9a-f]+):",
+    "author_pattern" => "^HgAuthor: (.*)",
+    "subject_pattern" => "^HgSubject: (.*)",
+    "stat_pattern" => "^(\\d+)\t(\\d+)\t\$file\$",
+);
+
+my $conf = which_conf(".get_maintainer.conf");
+if (-f $conf) {
+    my @conf_args;
+    open(my $conffile, '<', "$conf")
+	or warn "$P: Can't find a readable .get_maintainer.conf file $!\n";
+
+    while (<$conffile>) {
+	my $line = $_;
+
+	$line =~ s/\s*\n?$//g;
+	$line =~ s/^\s*//g;
+	$line =~ s/\s+/ /g;
+
+	next if ($line =~ m/^\s*#/);
+	next if ($line =~ m/^\s*$/);
+
+	my @words = split(" ", $line);
+	foreach my $word (@words) {
+	    last if ($word =~ m/^#/);
+	    push (@conf_args, $word);
+	}
+    }
+    close($conffile);
+    unshift(@ARGV, @conf_args) if @conf_args;
+}
+
+if (!GetOptions(
+		'email!' => \$email,
+		'git!' => \$email_git,
+		'git-all-signature-types!' => \$email_git_all_signature_types,
+		'git-blame!' => \$email_git_blame,
+		'git-blame-signatures!' => \$email_git_blame_signatures,
+		'git-fallback!' => \$email_git_fallback,
+		'git-chief-penguins!' => \$email_git_penguin_chiefs,
+		'git-min-signatures=i' => \$email_git_min_signatures,
+		'git-max-maintainers=i' => \$email_git_max_maintainers,
+		'git-min-percent=i' => \$email_git_min_percent,
+		'git-since=s' => \$email_git_since,
+		'hg-since=s' => \$email_hg_since,
+		'i|interactive!' => \$interactive,
+		'remove-duplicates!' => \$email_remove_duplicates,
+		'mailmap!' => \$email_use_mailmap,
+		'm!' => \$email_maintainer,
+		'r!' => \$email_reviewer,
+		'n!' => \$email_usename,
+		'l!' => \$email_list,
+		's!' => \$email_subscriber_list,
+		'multiline!' => \$output_multiline,
+		'roles!' => \$output_roles,
+		'rolestats!' => \$output_rolestats,
+		'separator=s' => \$output_separator,
+		'subsystem!' => \$subsystem,
+		'status!' => \$status,
+		'scm!' => \$scm,
+		'web!' => \$web,
+		'pattern-depth=i' => \$pattern_depth,
+		'k|keywords!' => \$keywords,
+		'sections!' => \$sections,
+		'fe|file-emails!' => \$file_emails,
+		'f|file' => \$from_filename,
+		'v|version' => \$version,
+		'h|help|usage' => \$help,
+		)) {
+    die "$P: invalid argument - use --help if necessary\n";
+}
+
+if ($help != 0) {
+    usage();
+    exit 0;
+}
+
+if ($version != 0) {
+    print("${P} ${V}\n");
+    exit 0;
+}
+
+if (-t STDIN && !@ARGV) {
+    # We're talking to a terminal, but have no command line arguments.
+    die "$P: missing patchfile or -f file - use --help if necessary\n";
+}
+
+$output_multiline = 0 if ($output_separator ne ", ");
+$output_rolestats = 1 if ($interactive);
+$output_roles = 1 if ($output_rolestats);
+
+if ($sections) {
+    $email = 0;
+    $email_list = 0;
+    $scm = 0;
+    $status = 0;
+    $subsystem = 0;
+    $web = 0;
+    $keywords = 0;
+    $interactive = 0;
+} else {
+    my $selections = $email + $scm + $status + $subsystem + $web;
+    if ($selections == 0) {
+	die "$P:  Missing required option: email, scm, status, subsystem or web\n";
+    }
+}
+
+if ($email &&
+    ($email_maintainer + $email_reviewer +
+     $email_list + $email_subscriber_list +
+     $email_git + $email_git_penguin_chiefs + $email_git_blame) == 0) {
+    die "$P: Please select at least 1 email option\n";
+}
+
+if (!top_of_kernel_tree($lk_path)) {
+    die "$P: The current directory does not appear to be "
+	. "a coreboot source tree.\n";
+}
+
+## Read MAINTAINERS for type/value pairs
+
+my @typevalue = ();
+my %keyword_hash;
+
+open (my $maint, '<', "${lk_path}MAINTAINERS")
+    or die "$P: Can't open MAINTAINERS: $!\n";
+while (<$maint>) {
+    my $line = $_;
+
+    if ($line =~ m/^(\C):\s*(.*)/) {
+	my $type = $1;
+	my $value = $2;
+
+	##Filename pattern matching
+	if ($type eq "F" || $type eq "X") {
+	    $value =~ s@\.@\\\.@g;       ##Convert . to \.
+	    $value =~ s/\*/\.\*/g;       ##Convert * to .*
+	    $value =~ s/\?/\./g;         ##Convert ? to .
+	    ##if pattern is a directory and it lacks a trailing slash, add one
+	    if ((-d $value)) {
+		$value =~ s@([^/])$@$1/@;
+	    }
+	} elsif ($type eq "K") {
+	    $keyword_hash{@typevalue} = $value;
+	}
+	push(@typevalue, "$type:$value");
+    } elsif (!/^(\s)*$/) {
+	$line =~ s/\n$//g;
+	push(@typevalue, $line);
+    }
+}
+close($maint);
+
+
+#
+# Read mail address map
+#
+
+my $mailmap;
+
+read_mailmap();
+
+sub read_mailmap {
+    $mailmap = {
+	names => {},
+	addresses => {}
+    };
+
+    return if (!$email_use_mailmap || !(-f "${lk_path}.mailmap"));
+
+    open(my $mailmap_file, '<', "${lk_path}.mailmap")
+	or warn "$P: Can't open .mailmap: $!\n";
+
+    while (<$mailmap_file>) {
+	s/#.*$//; #strip comments
+	s/^\s+|\s+$//g; #trim
+
+	next if (/^\s*$/); #skip empty lines
+	#entries have one of the following formats:
+	# name1 <mail1>
+	# <mail1> <mail2>
+	# name1 <mail1> <mail2>
+	# name1 <mail1> name2 <mail2>
+	# (see man git-shortlog)
+
+	if (/^([^<]+)<([^>]+)>$/) {
+	    my $real_name = $1;
+	    my $address = $2;
+
+	    $real_name =~ s/\s+$//;
+	    ($real_name, $address) = parse_email("$real_name <$address>");
+	    $mailmap->{names}->{$address} = $real_name;
+
+	} elsif (/^<([^>]+)>\s*<([^>]+)>$/) {
+	    my $real_address = $1;
+	    my $wrong_address = $2;
+
+	    $mailmap->{addresses}->{$wrong_address} = $real_address;
+
+	} elsif (/^(.+)<([^>]+)>\s*<([^>]+)>$/) {
+	    my $real_name = $1;
+	    my $real_address = $2;
+	    my $wrong_address = $3;
+
+	    $real_name =~ s/\s+$//;
+	    ($real_name, $real_address) =
+		parse_email("$real_name <$real_address>");
+	    $mailmap->{names}->{$wrong_address} = $real_name;
+	    $mailmap->{addresses}->{$wrong_address} = $real_address;
+
+	} elsif (/^(.+)<([^>]+)>\s*(.+)\s*<([^>]+)>$/) {
+	    my $real_name = $1;
+	    my $real_address = $2;
+	    my $wrong_name = $3;
+	    my $wrong_address = $4;
+
+	    $real_name =~ s/\s+$//;
+	    ($real_name, $real_address) =
+		parse_email("$real_name <$real_address>");
+
+	    $wrong_name =~ s/\s+$//;
+	    ($wrong_name, $wrong_address) =
+		parse_email("$wrong_name <$wrong_address>");
+
+	    my $wrong_email = format_email($wrong_name, $wrong_address, 1);
+	    $mailmap->{names}->{$wrong_email} = $real_name;
+	    $mailmap->{addresses}->{$wrong_email} = $real_address;
+	}
+    }
+    close($mailmap_file);
+}
+
+## use the filenames on the command line or find the filenames in the patchfiles
+
+my @files = ();
+my @range = ();
+my @keyword_tvi = ();
+my @file_emails = ();
+
+if (!@ARGV) {
+    push(@ARGV, "&STDIN");
+}
+
+foreach my $file (@ARGV) {
+    if ($file ne "&STDIN") {
+	##if $file is a directory and it lacks a trailing slash, add one
+	if ((-d $file)) {
+	    $file =~ s@([^/])$@$1/@;
+	} elsif (!(-f $file)) {
+	    die "$P: file '${file}' not found\n";
+	}
+    }
+    if ($from_filename) {
+	push(@files, $file);
+	if ($file ne "MAINTAINERS" && -f $file && ($keywords || $file_emails)) {
+	    open(my $f, '<', $file)
+		or die "$P: Can't open $file: $!\n";
+	    my $text = do { local($/) ; <$f> };
+	    close($f);
+	    if ($keywords) {
+		foreach my $line (keys %keyword_hash) {
+		    if ($text =~ m/$keyword_hash{$line}/x) {
+			push(@keyword_tvi, $line);
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    if ($file_emails) {
+		my @poss_addr = $text =~ m$[A-Za-zÀ-ÿ\"\' \,\.\+-]*\s*[\,]*\s*[\(\<\{]{0,1}[A-Za-z0-9_\.\+-]+\@[A-Za-z0-9\.-]+\.[A-Za-z0-9]+[\)\>\}]{0,1}$g;
+		push(@file_emails, clean_file_emails(@poss_addr));
+	    }
+	}
+    } else {
+	my $file_cnt = @files;
+	my $lastfile;
+
+	open(my $patch, "< $file")
+	    or die "$P: Can't open $file: $!\n";
+
+	# We can check arbitrary information before the patch
+	# like the commit message, mail headers, etc...
+	# This allows us to match arbitrary keywords against any part
+	# of a git format-patch generated file (subject tags, etc...)
+
+	my $patch_prefix = "";			#Parsing the intro
+
+	while (<$patch>) {
+	    my $patch_line = $_;
+	    if (m/^\+\+\+\s+(\S+)/ or m/^---\s+(\S+)/) {
+		my $filename = $1;
+		$filename =~ s@^[^/]*/@@;
+		$filename =~ s@\n@@;
+		$lastfile = $filename;
+		push(@files, $filename);
+		$patch_prefix = "^[+-].*";	#Now parsing the actual patch
+	    } elsif (m/^\@\@ -(\d+),(\d+)/) {
+		if ($email_git_blame) {
+		    push(@range, "$lastfile:$1:$2");
+		}
+	    } elsif ($keywords) {
+		foreach my $line (keys %keyword_hash) {
+		    if ($patch_line =~ m/${patch_prefix}$keyword_hash{$line}/x) {
+			push(@keyword_tvi, $line);
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	close($patch);
+
+	if ($file_cnt == @files) {
+	    warn "$P: file '${file}' doesn't appear to be a patch.  "
+		. "Add -f to options?\n";
+	}
+	@files = sort_and_uniq(@files);
+    }
+}
+
+@file_emails = uniq(@file_emails);
+
+my %email_hash_name;
+my %email_hash_address;
+my @email_to = ();
+my %hash_list_to;
+my @list_to = ();
+my @scm = ();
+my @web = ();
+my @subsystem = ();
+my @status = ();
+my %deduplicate_name_hash = ();
+my %deduplicate_address_hash = ();
+
+my @maintainers = get_maintainers();
+
+if (@maintainers) {
+    @maintainers = merge_email(@maintainers);
+    output(@maintainers);
+}
+
+if ($scm) {
+    @scm = uniq(@scm);
+    output(@scm);
+}
+
+if ($status) {
+    @status = uniq(@status);
+    output(@status);
+}
+
+if ($subsystem) {
+    @subsystem = uniq(@subsystem);
+    output(@subsystem);
+}
+
+if ($web) {
+    @web = uniq(@web);
+    output(@web);
+}
+
+exit($exit);
+
+sub range_is_maintained {
+    my ($start, $end) = @_;
+
+    for (my $i = $start; $i < $end; $i++) {
+	my $line = $typevalue[$i];
+	if ($line =~ m/^(\C):\s*(.*)/) {
+	    my $type = $1;
+	    my $value = $2;
+	    if ($type eq 'S') {
+		if ($value =~ /(maintain|support)/i) {
+		    return 1;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+sub range_has_maintainer {
+    my ($start, $end) = @_;
+
+    for (my $i = $start; $i < $end; $i++) {
+	my $line = $typevalue[$i];
+	if ($line =~ m/^(\C):\s*(.*)/) {
+	    my $type = $1;
+	    my $value = $2;
+	    if ($type eq 'M') {
+		return 1;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+sub get_maintainers {
+    %email_hash_name = ();
+    %email_hash_address = ();
+    %commit_author_hash = ();
+    %commit_signer_hash = ();
+    @email_to = ();
+    %hash_list_to = ();
+    @list_to = ();
+    @scm = ();
+    @web = ();
+    @subsystem = ();
+    @status = ();
+    %deduplicate_name_hash = ();
+    %deduplicate_address_hash = ();
+    if ($email_git_all_signature_types) {
+	$signature_pattern = "(.+?)[Bb][Yy]:";
+    } else {
+	$signature_pattern = "\(" . join("|", @signature_tags) . "\)";
+    }
+
+    # Find responsible parties
+
+    my %exact_pattern_match_hash = ();
+
+    foreach my $file (@files) {
+
+	my %hash;
+	my $tvi = find_first_section();
+	while ($tvi < @typevalue) {
+	    my $start = find_starting_index($tvi);
+	    my $end = find_ending_index($tvi);
+	    my $exclude = 0;
+	    my $i;
+
+	    #Do not match excluded file patterns
+
+	    for ($i = $start; $i < $end; $i++) {
+		my $line = $typevalue[$i];
+		if ($line =~ m/^(\C):\s*(.*)/) {
+		    my $type = $1;
+		    my $value = $2;
+		    if ($type eq 'X') {
+			if (file_match_pattern($file, $value)) {
+			    $exclude = 1;
+			    last;
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    if (!$exclude) {
+		for ($i = $start; $i < $end; $i++) {
+		    my $line = $typevalue[$i];
+		    if ($line =~ m/^(\C):\s*(.*)/) {
+			my $type = $1;
+			my $value = $2;
+			if ($type eq 'F') {
+			    if (file_match_pattern($file, $value)) {
+				my $value_pd = ($value =~ tr@/@@);
+				my $file_pd = ($file  =~ tr@/@@);
+				$value_pd++ if (substr($value,-1,1) ne "/");
+				$value_pd = -1 if ($value =~ /^\.\*/);
+				if ($value_pd >= $file_pd &&
+				    range_is_maintained($start, $end) &&
+				    range_has_maintainer($start, $end)) {
+				    $exact_pattern_match_hash{$file} = 1;
+				}
+				if ($pattern_depth == 0 ||
+				    (($file_pd - $value_pd) < $pattern_depth)) {
+				    $hash{$tvi} = $value_pd;
+				}
+			    }
+			} elsif ($type eq 'N') {
+			    if ($file =~ m/$value/x) {
+				$hash{$tvi} = 0;
+			    }
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    $tvi = $end + 1;
+	}
+
+	foreach my $line (sort {$hash{$b} <=> $hash{$a}} keys %hash) {
+	    add_categories($line);
+	    if ($sections) {
+		my $i;
+		my $start = find_starting_index($line);
+		my $end = find_ending_index($line);
+		for ($i = $start; $i < $end; $i++) {
+		    my $line = $typevalue[$i];
+		    if ($line =~ /^[FX]:/) {		##Restore file patterns
+			$line =~ s/([^\\])\.([^\*])/$1\?$2/g;
+			$line =~ s/([^\\])\.$/$1\?/g;	##Convert . back to ?
+			$line =~ s/\\\./\./g;       	##Convert \. to .
+			$line =~ s/\.\*/\*/g;       	##Convert .* to *
+		    }
+		    $line =~ s/^([A-Z]):/$1:\t/g;
+		    print("$line\n");
+		}
+		print("\n");
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if ($keywords) {
+	@keyword_tvi = sort_and_uniq(@keyword_tvi);
+	foreach my $line (@keyword_tvi) {
+	    add_categories($line);
+	}
+    }
+
+    foreach my $email (@email_to, @list_to) {
+	$email->[0] = deduplicate_email($email->[0]);
+    }
+
+    foreach my $file (@files) {
+	if ($email &&
+	    ($email_git || ($email_git_fallback &&
+			    !$exact_pattern_match_hash{$file}))) {
+	    vcs_file_signoffs($file);
+	}
+	if ($email && $email_git_blame) {
+	    vcs_file_blame($file);
+	}
+    }
+
+    if ($email) {
+	foreach my $chief (@penguin_chief) {
+	    if ($chief =~ m/^(.*):(.*)/) {
+		my $email_address;
+
+		$email_address = format_email($1, $2, $email_usename);
+		if ($email_git_penguin_chiefs) {
+		    push(@email_to, [$email_address, 'chief penguin']);
+		} else {
+		    @email_to = grep($_->[0] !~ /${email_address}/, @email_to);
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	foreach my $email (@file_emails) {
+	    my ($name, $address) = parse_email($email);
+
+	    my $tmp_email = format_email($name, $address, $email_usename);
+	    push_email_address($tmp_email, '');
+	    add_role($tmp_email, 'in file');
+	}
+    }
+
+    my @to = ();
+    if ($email || $email_list) {
+	if ($email) {
+	    @to = (@to, @email_to);
+	}
+	if ($email_list) {
+	    @to = (@to, @list_to);
+	}
+    }
+
+    if ($interactive) {
+	@to = interactive_get_maintainers(\@to);
+    }
+
+    return @to;
+}
+
+sub file_match_pattern {
+    my ($file, $pattern) = @_;
+    if (substr($pattern, -1) eq "/") {
+	if ($file =~ m@^$pattern@) {
+	    return 1;
+	}
+    } else {
+	if ($file =~ m@^$pattern@) {
+	    my $s1 = ($file =~ tr@/@@);
+	    my $s2 = ($pattern =~ tr@/@@);
+	    if ($s1 == $s2) {
+		return 1;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+sub usage {
+    print <<EOT;
+usage: $P [options] patchfile
+       $P [options] -f file|directory
+version: $V
+
+MAINTAINER field selection options:
+  --email => print email address(es) if any
+    --git => include recent git \*-by: signers
+    --git-all-signature-types => include signers regardless of signature type
+        or use only ${signature_pattern} signers (default: $email_git_all_signature_types)
+    --git-fallback => use git when no exact MAINTAINERS pattern (default: $email_git_fallback)
+    --git-chief-penguins => include ${penguin_chiefs}
+    --git-min-signatures => number of signatures required (default: $email_git_min_signatures)
+    --git-max-maintainers => maximum maintainers to add (default: $email_git_max_maintainers)
+    --git-min-percent => minimum percentage of commits required (default: $email_git_min_percent)
+    --git-blame => use git blame to find modified commits for patch or file
+    --git-since => git history to use (default: $email_git_since)
+    --hg-since => hg history to use (default: $email_hg_since)
+    --interactive => display a menu (mostly useful if used with the --git option)
+    --m => include maintainer(s) if any
+    --r => include reviewer(s) if any
+    --n => include name 'Full Name <addr\@domain.tld>'
+    --l => include list(s) if any
+    --s => include subscriber only list(s) if any
+    --remove-duplicates => minimize duplicate email names/addresses
+    --roles => show roles (status:subsystem, git-signer, list, etc...)
+    --rolestats => show roles and statistics (commits/total_commits, %)
+    --file-emails => add email addresses found in -f file (default: 0 (off))
+  --scm => print SCM tree(s) if any
+  --status => print status if any
+  --subsystem => print subsystem name if any
+  --web => print website(s) if any
+
+Output type options:
+  --separator [, ] => separator for multiple entries on 1 line
+    using --separator also sets --nomultiline if --separator is not [, ]
+  --multiline => print 1 entry per line
+
+Other options:
+  --pattern-depth => Number of pattern directory traversals (default: 0 (all))
+  --keywords => scan patch for keywords (default: $keywords)
+  --sections => print all of the subsystem sections with pattern matches
+  --mailmap => use .mailmap file (default: $email_use_mailmap)
+  --version => show version
+  --help => show this help information
+
+Default options:
+  [--email --nogit --git-fallback --m --n --l --multiline -pattern-depth=0
+   --remove-duplicates --rolestats]
+
+Notes:
+  Using "-f directory" may give unexpected results:
+      Used with "--git", git signators for _all_ files in and below
+          directory are examined as git recurses directories.
+          Any specified X: (exclude) pattern matches are _not_ ignored.
+      Used with "--nogit", directory is used as a pattern match,
+          no individual file within the directory or subdirectory
+          is matched.
+      Used with "--git-blame", does not iterate all files in directory
+  Using "--git-blame" is slow and may add old committers and authors
+      that are no longer active maintainers to the output.
+  Using "--roles" or "--rolestats" with git send-email --cc-cmd or any
+      other automated tools that expect only ["name"] <email address>
+      may not work because of additional output after <email address>.
+  Using "--rolestats" and "--git-blame" shows the #/total=% commits,
+      not the percentage of the entire file authored.  # of commits is
+      not a good measure of amount of code authored.  1 major commit may
+      contain a thousand lines, 5 trivial commits may modify a single line.
+  If git is not installed, but mercurial (hg) is installed and an .hg
+      repository exists, the following options apply to mercurial:
+          --git,
+          --git-min-signatures, --git-max-maintainers, --git-min-percent, and
+          --git-blame
+      Use --hg-since not --git-since to control date selection
+  File ".get_maintainer.conf", if it exists in the linux kernel source root
+      directory, can change whatever get_maintainer defaults are desired.
+      Entries in this file can be any command line argument.
+      This file is prepended to any additional command line arguments.
+      Multiple lines and # comments are allowed.
+EOT
+}
+
+sub top_of_kernel_tree {
+    my ($lk_path) = @_;
+
+    if ($lk_path ne "" && substr($lk_path,length($lk_path)-1,1) ne "/") {
+	$lk_path .= "/";
+    }
+    if (   (-f "${lk_path}MAINTAINERS")
+	&& (-f "${lk_path}Makefile")
+	&& (-d "${lk_path}documentation")
+	&& (-d "${lk_path}src")
+	&& (-d "${lk_path}util")) {
+	return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+sub parse_email {
+    my ($formatted_email) = @_;
+
+    my $name = "";
+    my $address = "";
+
+    if ($formatted_email =~ /^([^<]+)<(.+\@.*)>.*$/) {
+	$name = $1;
+	$address = $2;
+    } elsif ($formatted_email =~ /^\s*<(.+\@\S*)>.*$/) {
+	$address = $1;
+    } elsif ($formatted_email =~ /^(.+\@\S*).*$/) {
+	$address = $1;
+    }
+
+    $name =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
+    $name =~ s/^\"|\"$//g;
+    $address =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
+
+    if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) {  	 ##has "must quote" chars
+	$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g;       ##escape quotes
+	$name = "\"$name\"";
+    }
+
+    return ($name, $address);
+}
+
+sub format_email {
+    my ($name, $address, $usename) = @_;
+
+    my $formatted_email;
+
+    $name =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
+    $name =~ s/^\"|\"$//g;
+    $address =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
+
+    if ($name =~ /[^\w \-]/i) {          ##has "must quote" chars
+	$name =~ s/(?<!\\)"/\\"/g;       ##escape quotes
+	$name = "\"$name\"";
+    }
+
+    if ($usename) {
+	if ("$name" eq "") {
+	    $formatted_email = "$address";
+	} else {
+	    $formatted_email = "$name <$address>";
+	}
+    } else {
+	$formatted_email = $address;
+    }
+
+    return $formatted_email;
+}
+
+sub find_first_section {
+    my $index = 0;
+
+    while ($index < @typevalue) {
+	my $tv = $typevalue[$index];
+	if (($tv =~ m/^(\C):\s*(.*)/)) {
+	    last;
+	}
+	$index++;
+    }
+
+    return $index;
+}
+
+sub find_starting_index {
+    my ($index) = @_;
+
+    while ($index > 0) {
+	my $tv = $typevalue[$index];
+	if (!($tv =~ m/^(\C):\s*(.*)/)) {
+	    last;
+	}
+	$index--;
+    }
+
+    return $index;
+}
+
+sub find_ending_index {
+    my ($index) = @_;
+
+    while ($index < @typevalue) {
+	my $tv = $typevalue[$index];
+	if (!($tv =~ m/^(\C):\s*(.*)/)) {
+	    last;
+	}
+	$index++;
+    }
+
+    return $index;
+}
+
+sub get_maintainer_role {
+    my ($index) = @_;
+
+    my $i;
+    my $start = find_starting_index($index);
+    my $end = find_ending_index($index);
+
+    my $role = "unknown";
+    my $subsystem = $typevalue[$start];
+    if (length($subsystem) > 20) {
+	$subsystem = substr($subsystem, 0, 17);
+	$subsystem =~ s/\s*$//;
+	$subsystem = $subsystem . "...";
+    }
+
+    for ($i = $start + 1; $i < $end; $i++) {
+	my $tv = $typevalue[$i];
+	if ($tv =~ m/^(\C):\s*(.*)/) {
+	    my $ptype = $1;
+	    my $pvalue = $2;
+	    if ($ptype eq "S") {
+		$role = $pvalue;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    $role = lc($role);
+    if      ($role eq "supported") {
+	$role = "supporter";
+    } elsif ($role eq "maintained") {
+	$role = "maintainer";
+    } elsif ($role eq "odd fixes") {
+	$role = "odd fixer";
+    } elsif ($role eq "orphan") {
+	$role = "orphan minder";
+    } elsif ($role eq "obsolete") {
+	$role = "obsolete minder";
+    } elsif ($role eq "buried alive in reporters") {
+	$role = "chief penguin";
+    }
+
+    return $role . ":" . $subsystem;
+}
+
+sub get_list_role {
+    my ($index) = @_;
+
+    my $i;
+    my $start = find_starting_index($index);
+    my $end = find_ending_index($index);
+
+    my $subsystem = $typevalue[$start];
+    if (length($subsystem) > 20) {
+	$subsystem = substr($subsystem, 0, 17);
+	$subsystem =~ s/\s*$//;
+	$subsystem = $subsystem . "...";
+    }
+
+    if ($subsystem eq "THE REST") {
+	$subsystem = "";
+    }
+
+    return $subsystem;
+}
+
+sub add_categories {
+    my ($index) = @_;
+
+    my $i;
+    my $start = find_starting_index($index);
+    my $end = find_ending_index($index);
+
+    push(@subsystem, $typevalue[$start]);
+
+    for ($i = $start + 1; $i < $end; $i++) {
+	my $tv = $typevalue[$i];
+	if ($tv =~ m/^(\C):\s*(.*)/) {
+	    my $ptype = $1;
+	    my $pvalue = $2;
+	    if ($ptype eq "L") {
+		my $list_address = $pvalue;
+		my $list_additional = "";
+		my $list_role = get_list_role($i);
+
+		if ($list_role ne "") {
+		    $list_role = ":" . $list_role;
+		}
+		if ($list_address =~ m/([^\s]+)\s+(.*)$/) {
+		    $list_address = $1;
+		    $list_additional = $2;
+		}
+		if ($list_additional =~ m/subscribers-only/) {
+		    if ($email_subscriber_list) {
+			if (!$hash_list_to{lc($list_address)}) {
+			    $hash_list_to{lc($list_address)} = 1;
+			    push(@list_to, [$list_address,
+					    "subscriber list${list_role}"]);
+			}
+		    }
+		} else {
+		    if ($email_list) {
+			if (!$hash_list_to{lc($list_address)}) {
+			    $hash_list_to{lc($list_address)} = 1;
+			    if ($list_additional =~ m/moderated/) {
+				push(@list_to, [$list_address,
+						"moderated list${list_role}"]);
+			    } else {
+				push(@list_to, [$list_address,
+						"open list${list_role}"]);
+			    }
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+	    } elsif ($ptype eq "M") {
+		my ($name, $address) = parse_email($pvalue);
+		if ($name eq "") {
+		    if ($i > 0) {
+			my $tv = $typevalue[$i - 1];
+			if ($tv =~ m/^(\C):\s*(.*)/) {
+			    if ($1 eq "P") {
+				$name = $2;
+				$pvalue = format_email($name, $address, $email_usename);
+			    }
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+		if ($email_maintainer) {
+		    my $role = get_maintainer_role($i);
+		    push_email_addresses($pvalue, $role);
+		}
+	    } elsif ($ptype eq "R") {
+		my ($name, $address) = parse_email($pvalue);
+		if ($name eq "") {
+		    if ($i > 0) {
+			my $tv = $typevalue[$i - 1];
+			if ($tv =~ m/^(\C):\s*(.*)/) {
+			    if ($1 eq "P") {
+				$name = $2;
+				$pvalue = format_email($name, $address, $email_usename);
+			    }
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+		if ($email_reviewer) {
+		    push_email_addresses($pvalue, 'reviewer');
+		}
+	    } elsif ($ptype eq "T") {
+		push(@scm, $pvalue);
+	    } elsif ($ptype eq "W") {
+		push(@web, $pvalue);
+	    } elsif ($ptype eq "S") {
+		push(@status, $pvalue);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+sub email_inuse {
+    my ($name, $address) = @_;
+
+    return 1 if (($name eq "") && ($address eq ""));
+    return 1 if (($name ne "") && exists($email_hash_name{lc($name)}));
+    return 1 if (($address ne "") && exists($email_hash_address{lc($address)}));
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+sub push_email_address {
+    my ($line, $role) = @_;
+
+    my ($name, $address) = parse_email($line);
+
+    if ($address eq "") {
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!$email_remove_duplicates) {
+	push(@email_to, [format_email($name, $address, $email_usename), $role]);
+    } elsif (!email_inuse($name, $address)) {
+	push(@email_to, [format_email($name, $address, $email_usename), $role]);
+	$email_hash_name{lc($name)}++ if ($name ne "");
+	$email_hash_address{lc($address)}++;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+sub push_email_addresses {
+    my ($address, $role) = @_;
+
+    my @address_list = ();
+
+    if (rfc822_valid($address)) {
+	push_email_address($address, $role);
+    } elsif (@address_list = rfc822_validlist($address)) {
+	my $array_count = shift(@address_list);
+	while (my $entry = shift(@address_list)) {
+	    push_email_address($entry, $role);
+	}
+    } else {
+	if (!push_email_address($address, $role)) {
+	    warn("Invalid MAINTAINERS address: '" . $address . "'\n");
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+sub add_role {
+    my ($line, $role) = @_;
+
+    my ($name, $address) = parse_email($line);
+    my $email = format_email($name, $address, $email_usename);
+
+    foreach my $entry (@email_to) {
+	if ($email_remove_duplicates) {
+	    my ($entry_name, $entry_address) = parse_email($entry->[0]);
+	    if (($name eq $entry_name || $address eq $entry_address)
+		&& ($role eq "" || !($entry->[1] =~ m/$role/))
+	    ) {
+		if ($entry->[1] eq "") {
+		    $entry->[1] = "$role";
+		} else {
+		    $entry->[1] = "$entry->[1],$role";
+		}
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    if ($email eq $entry->[0]
+		&& ($role eq "" || !($entry->[1] =~ m/$role/))
+	    ) {
+		if ($entry->[1] eq "") {
+		    $entry->[1] = "$role";
+		} else {
+		    $entry->[1] = "$entry->[1],$role";
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+sub which {
+    my ($bin) = @_;
+
+    foreach my $path (split(/:/, $ENV{PATH})) {
+	if (-e "$path/$bin") {
+	    return "$path/$bin";
+	}
+    }
+
+    return "";
+}
+
+sub which_conf {
+    my ($conf) = @_;
+
+    foreach my $path (split(/:/, ".:$ENV{HOME}:.scripts")) {
+	if (-e "$path/$conf") {
+	    return "$path/$conf";
+	}
+    }
+
+    return "";
+}
+
+sub mailmap_email {
+    my ($line) = @_;
+
+    my ($name, $address) = parse_email($line);
+    my $email = format_email($name, $address, 1);
+    my $real_name = $name;
+    my $real_address = $address;
+
+    if (exists $mailmap->{names}->{$email} ||
+	exists $mailmap->{addresses}->{$email}) {
+	if (exists $mailmap->{names}->{$email}) {
+	    $real_name = $mailmap->{names}->{$email};
+	}
+	if (exists $mailmap->{addresses}->{$email}) {
+	    $real_address = $mailmap->{addresses}->{$email};
+	}
+    } else {
+	if (exists $mailmap->{names}->{$address}) {
+	    $real_name = $mailmap->{names}->{$address};
+	}
+	if (exists $mailmap->{addresses}->{$address}) {
+	    $real_address = $mailmap->{addresses}->{$address};
+	}
+    }
+    return format_email($real_name, $real_address, 1);
+}
+
+sub mailmap {
+    my (@addresses) = @_;
+
+    my @mapped_emails = ();
+    foreach my $line (@addresses) {
+	push(@mapped_emails, mailmap_email($line));
+    }
+    merge_by_realname(@mapped_emails) if ($email_use_mailmap);
+    return @mapped_emails;
+}
+
+sub merge_by_realname {
+    my %address_map;
+    my (@emails) = @_;
+
+    foreach my $email (@emails) {
+	my ($name, $address) = parse_email($email);
+	if (exists $address_map{$name}) {
+	    $address = $address_map{$name};
+	    $email = format_email($name, $address, 1);
+	} else {
+	    $address_map{$name} = $address;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+sub git_execute_cmd {
+    my ($cmd) = @_;
+    my @lines = ();
+
+    my $output = `$cmd`;
+    $output =~ s/^\s*//gm;
+    @lines = split("\n", $output);
+
+    return @lines;
+}
+
+sub hg_execute_cmd {
+    my ($cmd) = @_;
+    my @lines = ();
+
+    my $output = `$cmd`;
+    @lines = split("\n", $output);
+
+    return @lines;
+}
+
+sub extract_formatted_signatures {
+    my (@signature_lines) = @_;
+
+    my @type = @signature_lines;
+
+    s/\s*(.*):.*/$1/ for (@type);
+
+    # cut -f2- -d":"
+    s/\s*.*:\s*(.+)\s*/$1/ for (@signature_lines);
+
+## Reformat email addresses (with names) to avoid badly written signatures
+
+    foreach my $signer (@signature_lines) {
+	$signer = deduplicate_email($signer);
+    }
+
+    return (\@type, \@signature_lines);
+}
+
+sub vcs_find_signers {
+    my ($cmd, $file) = @_;
+    my $commits;
+    my @lines = ();
+    my @signatures = ();
+    my @authors = ();
+    my @stats = ();
+
+    @lines = &{$VCS_cmds{"execute_cmd"}}($cmd);
+
+    my $pattern = $VCS_cmds{"commit_pattern"};
+    my $author_pattern = $VCS_cmds{"author_pattern"};
+    my $stat_pattern = $VCS_cmds{"stat_pattern"};
+
+    $stat_pattern =~ s/(\$\w+)/$1/eeg;		#interpolate $stat_pattern
+
+    $commits = grep(/$pattern/, @lines);	# of commits
+
+    @authors = grep(/$author_pattern/, @lines);
+    @signatures = grep(/^[ \t]*${signature_pattern}.*\@.*$/, @lines);
+    @stats = grep(/$stat_pattern/, @lines);
+
+#    print("stats: <@stats>\n");
+
+    return (0, \@signatures, \@authors, \@stats) if !@signatures;
+
+    save_commits_by_author(@lines) if ($interactive);
+    save_commits_by_signer(@lines) if ($interactive);
+
+    if (!$email_git_penguin_chiefs) {
+	@signatures = grep(!/${penguin_chiefs}/i, @signatures);
+    }
+
+    my ($author_ref, $authors_ref) = extract_formatted_signatures(@authors);
+    my ($types_ref, $signers_ref) = extract_formatted_signatures(@signatures);
+
+    return ($commits, $signers_ref, $authors_ref, \@stats);
+}
+
+sub vcs_find_author {
+    my ($cmd) = @_;
+    my @lines = ();
+
+    @lines = &{$VCS_cmds{"execute_cmd"}}($cmd);
+
+    if (!$email_git_penguin_chiefs) {
+	@lines = grep(!/${penguin_chiefs}/i, @lines);
+    }
+
+    return @lines if !@lines;
+
+    my @authors = ();
+    foreach my $line (@lines) {
+	if ($line =~ m/$VCS_cmds{"author_pattern"}/) {
+	    my $author = $1;
+	    my ($name, $address) = parse_email($author);
+	    $author = format_email($name, $address, 1);
+	    push(@authors, $author);
+	}
+    }
+
+    save_commits_by_author(@lines) if ($interactive);
+    save_commits_by_signer(@lines) if ($interactive);
+
+    return @authors;
+}
+
+sub vcs_save_commits {
+    my ($cmd) = @_;
+    my @lines = ();
+    my @commits = ();
+
+    @lines = &{$VCS_cmds{"execute_cmd"}}($cmd);
+
+    foreach my $line (@lines) {
+	if ($line =~ m/$VCS_cmds{"blame_commit_pattern"}/) {
+	    push(@commits, $1);
+	}
+    }
+
+    return @commits;
+}
+
+sub vcs_blame {
+    my ($file) = @_;
+    my $cmd;
+    my @commits = ();
+
+    return @commits if (!(-f $file));
+
+    if (@range && $VCS_cmds{"blame_range_cmd"} eq "") {
+	my @all_commits = ();
+
+	$cmd = $VCS_cmds{"blame_file_cmd"};
+	$cmd =~ s/(\$\w+)/$1/eeg;		#interpolate $cmd
+	@all_commits = vcs_save_commits($cmd);
+
+	foreach my $file_range_diff (@range) {
+	    next if (!($file_range_diff =~ m/(.+):(.+):(.+)/));
+	    my $diff_file = $1;
+	    my $diff_start = $2;
+	    my $diff_length = $3;
+	    next if ("$file" ne "$diff_file");
+	    for (my $i = $diff_start; $i < $diff_start + $diff_length; $i++) {
+		push(@commits, $all_commits[$i]);
+	    }
+	}
+    } elsif (@range) {
+	foreach my $file_range_diff (@range) {
+	    next if (!($file_range_diff =~ m/(.+):(.+):(.+)/));
+	    my $diff_file = $1;
+	    my $diff_start = $2;
+	    my $diff_length = $3;
+	    next if ("$file" ne "$diff_file");
+	    $cmd = $VCS_cmds{"blame_range_cmd"};
+	    $cmd =~ s/(\$\w+)/$1/eeg;		#interpolate $cmd
+	    push(@commits, vcs_save_commits($cmd));
+	}
+    } else {
+	$cmd = $VCS_cmds{"blame_file_cmd"};
+	$cmd =~ s/(\$\w+)/$1/eeg;		#interpolate $cmd
+	@commits = vcs_save_commits($cmd);
+    }
+
+    foreach my $commit (@commits) {
+	$commit =~ s/^\^//g;
+    }
+
+    return @commits;
+}
+
+my $printed_novcs = 0;
+sub vcs_exists {
+    %VCS_cmds = %VCS_cmds_git;
+    return 1 if eval $VCS_cmds{"available"};
+    %VCS_cmds = %VCS_cmds_hg;
+    return 2 if eval $VCS_cmds{"available"};
+    %VCS_cmds = ();
+    if (!$printed_novcs) {
+	warn("$P: No supported VCS found.  Add --nogit to options?\n");
+	warn("Using a git repository produces better results.\n");
+	warn("Try Linus Torvalds' latest git repository using:\n");
+	warn("git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git\n");
+	$printed_novcs = 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+sub vcs_is_git {
+    vcs_exists();
+    return $vcs_used == 1;
+}
+
+sub vcs_is_hg {
+    return $vcs_used == 2;
+}
+
+sub interactive_get_maintainers {
+    my ($list_ref) = @_;
+    my @list = @$list_ref;
+
+    vcs_exists();
+
+    my %selected;
+    my %authored;
+    my %signed;
+    my $count = 0;
+    my $maintained = 0;
+    foreach my $entry (@list) {
+	$maintained = 1 if ($entry->[1] =~ /^(maintainer|supporter)/i);
+	$selected{$count} = 1;
+	$authored{$count} = 0;
+	$signed{$count} = 0;
+	$count++;
+    }
+
+    #menu loop
+    my $done = 0;
+    my $print_options = 0;
+    my $redraw = 1;
+    while (!$done) {
+	$count = 0;
+	if ($redraw) {
+	    printf STDERR "\n%1s %2s %-65s",
+			  "*", "#", "email/list and role:stats";
+	    if ($email_git ||
+		($email_git_fallback && !$maintained) ||
+		$email_git_blame) {
+		print STDERR "auth sign";
+	    }
+	    print STDERR "\n";
+	    foreach my $entry (@list) {
+		my $email = $entry->[0];
+		my $role = $entry->[1];
+		my $sel = "";
+		$sel = "*" if ($selected{$count});
+		my $commit_author = $commit_author_hash{$email};
+		my $commit_signer = $commit_signer_hash{$email};
+		my $authored = 0;
+		my $signed = 0;
+		$authored++ for (@{$commit_author});
+		$signed++ for (@{$commit_signer});
+		printf STDERR "%1s %2d %-65s", $sel, $count + 1, $email;
+		printf STDERR "%4d %4d", $authored, $signed
+		    if ($authored > 0 || $signed > 0);
+		printf STDERR "\n     %s\n", $role;
+		if ($authored{$count}) {
+		    my $commit_author = $commit_author_hash{$email};
+		    foreach my $ref (@{$commit_author}) {
+			print STDERR "     Author: @{$ref}[1]\n";
+		    }
+		}
+		if ($signed{$count}) {
+		    my $commit_signer = $commit_signer_hash{$email};
+		    foreach my $ref (@{$commit_signer}) {
+			print STDERR "     @{$ref}[2]: @{$ref}[1]\n";
+		    }
+		}
+
+		$count++;
+	    }
+	}
+	my $date_ref = \$email_git_since;
+	$date_ref = \$email_hg_since if (vcs_is_hg());
+	if ($print_options) {
+	    $print_options = 0;
+	    if (vcs_exists()) {
+		print STDERR <<EOT
+
+Version Control options:
+g  use git history      [$email_git]
+gf use git-fallback     [$email_git_fallback]
+b  use git blame        [$email_git_blame]
+bs use blame signatures [$email_git_blame_signatures]
+c# minimum commits      [$email_git_min_signatures]
+%# min percent          [$email_git_min_percent]
+d# history to use       [$$date_ref]
+x# max maintainers      [$email_git_max_maintainers]
+t  all signature types  [$email_git_all_signature_types]
+m  use .mailmap         [$email_use_mailmap]
+EOT
+	    }
+	    print STDERR <<EOT
+
+Additional options:
+0  toggle all
+tm toggle maintainers
+tg toggle git entries
+tl toggle open list entries
+ts toggle subscriber list entries
+f  emails in file       [$file_emails]
+k  keywords in file     [$keywords]
+r  remove duplicates    [$email_remove_duplicates]
+p# pattern match depth  [$pattern_depth]
+EOT
+	}
+	print STDERR
+"\n#(toggle), A#(author), S#(signed) *(all), ^(none), O(options), Y(approve): ";
+
+	my $input = <STDIN>;
+	chomp($input);
+
+	$redraw = 1;
+	my $rerun = 0;
+	my @wish = split(/[, ]+/, $input);
+	foreach my $nr (@wish) {
+	    $nr = lc($nr);
+	    my $sel = substr($nr, 0, 1);
+	    my $str = substr($nr, 1);
+	    my $val = 0;
+	    $val = $1 if $str =~ /^(\d+)$/;
+
+	    if ($sel eq "y") {
+		$interactive = 0;
+		$done = 1;
+		$output_rolestats = 0;
+		$output_roles = 0;
+		last;
+	    } elsif ($nr =~ /^\d+$/ && $nr > 0 && $nr <= $count) {
+		$selected{$nr - 1} = !$selected{$nr - 1};
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "*" || $sel eq '^') {
+		my $toggle = 0;
+		$toggle = 1 if ($sel eq '*');
+		for (my $i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+		    $selected{$i} = $toggle;
+		}
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "0") {
+		for (my $i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+		    $selected{$i} = !$selected{$i};
+		}
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "t") {
+		if (lc($str) eq "m") {
+		    for (my $i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+			$selected{$i} = !$selected{$i}
+			    if ($list[$i]->[1] =~ /^(maintainer|supporter)/i);
+		    }
+		} elsif (lc($str) eq "g") {
+		    for (my $i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+			$selected{$i} = !$selected{$i}
+			    if ($list[$i]->[1] =~ /^(author|commit|signer)/i);
+		    }
+		} elsif (lc($str) eq "l") {
+		    for (my $i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+			$selected{$i} = !$selected{$i}
+			    if ($list[$i]->[1] =~ /^(open list)/i);
+		    }
+		} elsif (lc($str) eq "s") {
+		    for (my $i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+			$selected{$i} = !$selected{$i}
+			    if ($list[$i]->[1] =~ /^(subscriber list)/i);
+		    }
+		}
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "a") {
+		if ($val > 0 && $val <= $count) {
+		    $authored{$val - 1} = !$authored{$val - 1};
+		} elsif ($str eq '*' || $str eq '^') {
+		    my $toggle = 0;
+		    $toggle = 1 if ($str eq '*');
+		    for (my $i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+			$authored{$i} = $toggle;
+		    }
+		}
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "s") {
+		if ($val > 0 && $val <= $count) {
+		    $signed{$val - 1} = !$signed{$val - 1};
+		} elsif ($str eq '*' || $str eq '^') {
+		    my $toggle = 0;
+		    $toggle = 1 if ($str eq '*');
+		    for (my $i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+			$signed{$i} = $toggle;
+		    }
+		}
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "o") {
+		$print_options = 1;
+		$redraw = 1;
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "g") {
+		if ($str eq "f") {
+		    bool_invert(\$email_git_fallback);
+		} else {
+		    bool_invert(\$email_git);
+		}
+		$rerun = 1;
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "b") {
+		if ($str eq "s") {
+		    bool_invert(\$email_git_blame_signatures);
+		} else {
+		    bool_invert(\$email_git_blame);
+		}
+		$rerun = 1;
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "c") {
+		if ($val > 0) {
+		    $email_git_min_signatures = $val;
+		    $rerun = 1;
+		}
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "x") {
+		if ($val > 0) {
+		    $email_git_max_maintainers = $val;
+		    $rerun = 1;
+		}
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "%") {
+		if ($str ne "" && $val >= 0) {
+		    $email_git_min_percent = $val;
+		    $rerun = 1;
+		}
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "d") {
+		if (vcs_is_git()) {
+		    $email_git_since = $str;
+		} elsif (vcs_is_hg()) {
+		    $email_hg_since = $str;
+		}
+		$rerun = 1;
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "t") {
+		bool_invert(\$email_git_all_signature_types);
+		$rerun = 1;
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "f") {
+		bool_invert(\$file_emails);
+		$rerun = 1;
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "r") {
+		bool_invert(\$email_remove_duplicates);
+		$rerun = 1;
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "m") {
+		bool_invert(\$email_use_mailmap);
+		read_mailmap();
+		$rerun = 1;
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "k") {
+		bool_invert(\$keywords);
+		$rerun = 1;
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "p") {
+		if ($str ne "" && $val >= 0) {
+		    $pattern_depth = $val;
+		    $rerun = 1;
+		}
+	    } elsif ($sel eq "h" || $sel eq "?") {
+		print STDERR <<EOT
+
+Interactive mode allows you to select the various maintainers, submitters,
+commit signers and mailing lists that could be CC'd on a patch.
+
+Any *'d entry is selected.
+
+If you have git or hg installed, you can choose to summarize the commit
+history of files in the patch.  Also, each line of the current file can
+be matched to its commit author and that commits signers with blame.
+
+Various knobs exist to control the length of time for active commit
+tracking, the maximum number of commit authors and signers to add,
+and such.
+
+Enter selections at the prompt until you are satisfied that the selected
+maintainers are appropriate.  You may enter multiple selections separated
+by either commas or spaces.
+
+EOT
+	    } else {
+		print STDERR "invalid option: '$nr'\n";
+		$redraw = 0;
+	    }
+	}
+	if ($rerun) {
+	    print STDERR "git-blame can be very slow, please have patience..."
+		if ($email_git_blame);
+	    goto &get_maintainers;
+	}
+    }
+
+    #drop not selected entries
+    $count = 0;
+    my @new_emailto = ();
+    foreach my $entry (@list) {
+	if ($selected{$count}) {
+	    push(@new_emailto, $list[$count]);
+	}
+	$count++;
+    }
+    return @new_emailto;
+}
+
+sub bool_invert {
+    my ($bool_ref) = @_;
+
+    if ($$bool_ref) {
+	$$bool_ref = 0;
+    } else {
+	$$bool_ref = 1;
+    }
+}
+
+sub deduplicate_email {
+    my ($email) = @_;
+
+    my $matched = 0;
+    my ($name, $address) = parse_email($email);
+    $email = format_email($name, $address, 1);
+    $email = mailmap_email($email);
+
+    return $email if (!$email_remove_duplicates);
+
+    ($name, $address) = parse_email($email);
+
+    if ($name ne "" && $deduplicate_name_hash{lc($name)}) {
+	$name = $deduplicate_name_hash{lc($name)}->[0];
+	$address = $deduplicate_name_hash{lc($name)}->[1];
+	$matched = 1;
+    } elsif ($deduplicate_address_hash{lc($address)}) {
+	$name = $deduplicate_address_hash{lc($address)}->[0];
+	$address = $deduplicate_address_hash{lc($address)}->[1];
+	$matched = 1;
+    }
+    if (!$matched) {
+	$deduplicate_name_hash{lc($name)} = [ $name, $address ];
+	$deduplicate_address_hash{lc($address)} = [ $name, $address ];
+    }
+    $email = format_email($name, $address, 1);
+    $email = mailmap_email($email);
+    return $email;
+}
+
+sub save_commits_by_author {
+    my (@lines) = @_;
+
+    my @authors = ();
+    my @commits = ();
+    my @subjects = ();
+
+    foreach my $line (@lines) {
+	if ($line =~ m/$VCS_cmds{"author_pattern"}/) {
+	    my $author = $1;
+	    $author = deduplicate_email($author);
+	    push(@authors, $author);
+	}
+	push(@commits, $1) if ($line =~ m/$VCS_cmds{"commit_pattern"}/);
+	push(@subjects, $1) if ($line =~ m/$VCS_cmds{"subject_pattern"}/);
+    }
+
+    for (my $i = 0; $i < @authors; $i++) {
+	my $exists = 0;
+	foreach my $ref(@{$commit_author_hash{$authors[$i]}}) {
+	    if (@{$ref}[0] eq $commits[$i] &&
+		@{$ref}[1] eq $subjects[$i]) {
+		$exists = 1;
+		last;
+	    }
+	}
+	if (!$exists) {
+	    push(@{$commit_author_hash{$authors[$i]}},
+		 [ ($commits[$i], $subjects[$i]) ]);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+sub save_commits_by_signer {
+    my (@lines) = @_;
+
+    my $commit = "";
+    my $subject = "";
+
+    foreach my $line (@lines) {
+	$commit = $1 if ($line =~ m/$VCS_cmds{"commit_pattern"}/);
+	$subject = $1 if ($line =~ m/$VCS_cmds{"subject_pattern"}/);
+	if ($line =~ /^[ \t]*${signature_pattern}.*\@.*$/) {
+	    my @signatures = ($line);
+	    my ($types_ref, $signers_ref) = extract_formatted_signatures(@signatures);
+	    my @types = @$types_ref;
+	    my @signers = @$signers_ref;
+
+	    my $type = $types[0];
+	    my $signer = $signers[0];
+
+	    $signer = deduplicate_email($signer);
+
+	    my $exists = 0;
+	    foreach my $ref(@{$commit_signer_hash{$signer}}) {
+		if (@{$ref}[0] eq $commit &&
+		    @{$ref}[1] eq $subject &&
+		    @{$ref}[2] eq $type) {
+		    $exists = 1;
+		    last;
+		}
+	    }
+	    if (!$exists) {
+		push(@{$commit_signer_hash{$signer}},
+		     [ ($commit, $subject, $type) ]);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+sub vcs_assign {
+    my ($role, $divisor, @lines) = @_;
+
+    my %hash;
+    my $count = 0;
+
+    return if (@lines <= 0);
+
+    if ($divisor <= 0) {
+	warn("Bad divisor in " . (caller(0))[3] . ": $divisor\n");
+	$divisor = 1;
+    }
+
+    @lines = mailmap(@lines);
+
+    return if (@lines <= 0);
+
+    @lines = sort(@lines);
+
+    # uniq -c
+    $hash{$_}++ for @lines;
+
+    # sort -rn
+    foreach my $line (sort {$hash{$b} <=> $hash{$a}} keys %hash) {
+	my $sign_offs = $hash{$line};
+	my $percent = $sign_offs * 100 / $divisor;
+
+	$percent = 100 if ($percent > 100);
+	$count++;
+	last if ($sign_offs < $email_git_min_signatures ||
+		 $count > $email_git_max_maintainers ||
+		 $percent < $email_git_min_percent);
+	push_email_address($line, '');
+	if ($output_rolestats) {
+	    my $fmt_percent = sprintf("%.0f", $percent);
+	    add_role($line, "$role:$sign_offs/$divisor=$fmt_percent%");
+	} else {
+	    add_role($line, $role);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+sub vcs_file_signoffs {
+    my ($file) = @_;
+
+    my $authors_ref;
+    my $signers_ref;
+    my $stats_ref;
+    my @authors = ();
+    my @signers = ();
+    my @stats = ();
+    my $commits;
+
+    $vcs_used = vcs_exists();
+    return if (!$vcs_used);
+
+    my $cmd = $VCS_cmds{"find_signers_cmd"};
+    $cmd =~ s/(\$\w+)/$1/eeg;		# interpolate $cmd
+
+    ($commits, $signers_ref, $authors_ref, $stats_ref) = vcs_find_signers($cmd, $file);
+
+    @signers = @{$signers_ref} if defined $signers_ref;
+    @authors = @{$authors_ref} if defined $authors_ref;
+    @stats = @{$stats_ref} if defined $stats_ref;
+
+#    print("commits: <$commits>\nsigners:<@signers>\nauthors: <@authors>\nstats: <@stats>\n");
+
+    foreach my $signer (@signers) {
+	$signer = deduplicate_email($signer);
+    }
+
+    vcs_assign("commit_signer", $commits, @signers);
+    vcs_assign("authored", $commits, @authors);
+    if ($#authors == $#stats) {
+	my $stat_pattern = $VCS_cmds{"stat_pattern"};
+	$stat_pattern =~ s/(\$\w+)/$1/eeg;	#interpolate $stat_pattern
+
+	my $added = 0;
+	my $deleted = 0;
+	for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#stats; $i++) {
+	    if ($stats[$i] =~ /$stat_pattern/) {
+		$added += $1;
+		$deleted += $2;
+	    }
+	}
+	my @tmp_authors = uniq(@authors);
+	foreach my $author (@tmp_authors) {
+	    $author = deduplicate_email($author);
+	}
+	@tmp_authors = uniq(@tmp_authors);
+	my @list_added = ();
+	my @list_deleted = ();
+	foreach my $author (@tmp_authors) {
+	    my $auth_added = 0;
+	    my $auth_deleted = 0;
+	    for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#stats; $i++) {
+		if ($author eq deduplicate_email($authors[$i]) &&
+		    $stats[$i] =~ /$stat_pattern/) {
+		    $auth_added += $1;
+		    $auth_deleted += $2;
+		}
+	    }
+	    for (my $i = 0; $i < $auth_added; $i++) {
+		push(@list_added, $author);
+	    }
+	    for (my $i = 0; $i < $auth_deleted; $i++) {
+		push(@list_deleted, $author);
+	    }
+	}
+	vcs_assign("added_lines", $added, @list_added);
+	vcs_assign("removed_lines", $deleted, @list_deleted);
+    }
+}
+
+sub vcs_file_blame {
+    my ($file) = @_;
+
+    my @signers = ();
+    my @all_commits = ();
+    my @commits = ();
+    my $total_commits;
+    my $total_lines;
+
+    $vcs_used = vcs_exists();
+    return if (!$vcs_used);
+
+    @all_commits = vcs_blame($file);
+    @commits = uniq(@all_commits);
+    $total_commits = @commits;
+    $total_lines = @all_commits;
+
+    if ($email_git_blame_signatures) {
+	if (vcs_is_hg()) {
+	    my $commit_count;
+	    my $commit_authors_ref;
+	    my $commit_signers_ref;
+	    my $stats_ref;
+	    my @commit_authors = ();
+	    my @commit_signers = ();
+	    my $commit = join(" -r ", @commits);
+	    my $cmd;
+
+	    $cmd = $VCS_cmds{"find_commit_signers_cmd"};
+	    $cmd =~ s/(\$\w+)/$1/eeg;	#substitute variables in $cmd
+
+	    ($commit_count, $commit_signers_ref, $commit_authors_ref, $stats_ref) = vcs_find_signers($cmd, $file);
+	    @commit_authors = @{$commit_authors_ref} if defined $commit_authors_ref;
+	    @commit_signers = @{$commit_signers_ref} if defined $commit_signers_ref;
+
+	    push(@signers, @commit_signers);
+	} else {
+	    foreach my $commit (@commits) {
+		my $commit_count;
+		my $commit_authors_ref;
+		my $commit_signers_ref;
+		my $stats_ref;
+		my @commit_authors = ();
+		my @commit_signers = ();
+		my $cmd;
+
+		$cmd = $VCS_cmds{"find_commit_signers_cmd"};
+		$cmd =~ s/(\$\w+)/$1/eeg;	#substitute variables in $cmd
+
+		($commit_count, $commit_signers_ref, $commit_authors_ref, $stats_ref) = vcs_find_signers($cmd, $file);
+		@commit_authors = @{$commit_authors_ref} if defined $commit_authors_ref;
+		@commit_signers = @{$commit_signers_ref} if defined $commit_signers_ref;
+
+		push(@signers, @commit_signers);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if ($from_filename) {
+	if ($output_rolestats) {
+	    my @blame_signers;
+	    if (vcs_is_hg()) {{		# Double brace for last exit
+		my $commit_count;
+		my @commit_signers = ();
+		@commits = uniq(@commits);
+		@commits = sort(@commits);
+		my $commit = join(" -r ", @commits);
+		my $cmd;
+
+		$cmd = $VCS_cmds{"find_commit_author_cmd"};
+		$cmd =~ s/(\$\w+)/$1/eeg;	#substitute variables in $cmd
+
+		my @lines = ();
+
+		@lines = &{$VCS_cmds{"execute_cmd"}}($cmd);
+
+		if (!$email_git_penguin_chiefs) {
+		    @lines = grep(!/${penguin_chiefs}/i, @lines);
+		}
+
+		last if !@lines;
+
+		my @authors = ();
+		foreach my $line (@lines) {
+		    if ($line =~ m/$VCS_cmds{"author_pattern"}/) {
+			my $author = $1;
+			$author = deduplicate_email($author);
+			push(@authors, $author);
+		    }
+		}
+
+		save_commits_by_author(@lines) if ($interactive);
+		save_commits_by_signer(@lines) if ($interactive);
+
+		push(@signers, @authors);
+	    }}
+	    else {
+		foreach my $commit (@commits) {
+		    my $i;
+		    my $cmd = $VCS_cmds{"find_commit_author_cmd"};
+		    $cmd =~ s/(\$\w+)/$1/eeg;	#interpolate $cmd
+		    my @author = vcs_find_author($cmd);
+		    next if !@author;
+
+		    my $formatted_author = deduplicate_email($author[0]);
+
+		    my $count = grep(/$commit/, @all_commits);
+		    for ($i = 0; $i < $count ; $i++) {
+			push(@blame_signers, $formatted_author);
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    if (@blame_signers) {
+		vcs_assign("authored lines", $total_lines, @blame_signers);
+	    }
+	}
+	foreach my $signer (@signers) {
+	    $signer = deduplicate_email($signer);
+	}
+	vcs_assign("commits", $total_commits, @signers);
+    } else {
+	foreach my $signer (@signers) {
+	    $signer = deduplicate_email($signer);
+	}
+	vcs_assign("modified commits", $total_commits, @signers);
+    }
+}
+
+sub uniq {
+    my (@parms) = @_;
+
+    my %saw;
+    @parms = grep(!$saw{$_}++, @parms);
+    return @parms;
+}
+
+sub sort_and_uniq {
+    my (@parms) = @_;
+
+    my %saw;
+    @parms = sort @parms;
+    @parms = grep(!$saw{$_}++, @parms);
+    return @parms;
+}
+
+sub clean_file_emails {
+    my (@file_emails) = @_;
+    my @fmt_emails = ();
+
+    foreach my $email (@file_emails) {
+	$email =~ s/[\(\<\{]{0,1}([A-Za-z0-9_\.\+-]+\@[A-Za-z0-9\.-]+)[\)\>\}]{0,1}/\<$1\>/g;
+	my ($name, $address) = parse_email($email);
+	if ($name eq '"[,\.]"') {
+	    $name = "";
+	}
+
+	my @nw = split(/[^A-Za-zÀ-ÿ\'\,\.\+-]/, $name);
+	if (@nw > 2) {
+	    my $first = $nw[@nw - 3];
+	    my $middle = $nw[@nw - 2];
+	    my $last = $nw[@nw - 1];
+
+	    if (((length($first) == 1 && $first =~ m/[A-Za-z]/) ||
+		 (length($first) == 2 && substr($first, -1) eq ".")) ||
+		(length($middle) == 1 ||
+		 (length($middle) == 2 && substr($middle, -1) eq "."))) {
+		$name = "$first $middle $last";
+	    } else {
+		$name = "$middle $last";
+	    }
+	}
+
+	if (substr($name, -1) =~ /[,\.]/) {
+	    $name = substr($name, 0, length($name) - 1);
+	} elsif (substr($name, -2) =~ /[,\.]"/) {
+	    $name = substr($name, 0, length($name) - 2) . '"';
+	}
+
+	if (substr($name, 0, 1) =~ /[,\.]/) {
+	    $name = substr($name, 1, length($name) - 1);
+	} elsif (substr($name, 0, 2) =~ /"[,\.]/) {
+	    $name = '"' . substr($name, 2, length($name) - 2);
+	}
+
+	my $fmt_email = format_email($name, $address, $email_usename);
+	push(@fmt_emails, $fmt_email);
+    }
+    return @fmt_emails;
+}
+
+sub merge_email {
+    my @lines;
+    my %saw;
+
+    for (@_) {
+	my ($address, $role) = @$_;
+	if (!$saw{$address}) {
+	    if ($output_roles) {
+		push(@lines, "$address ($role)");
+	    } else {
+		push(@lines, $address);
+	    }
+	    $saw{$address} = 1;
+	}
+    }
+
+    return @lines;
+}
+
+sub output {
+    my (@parms) = @_;
+
+    if ($output_multiline) {
+	foreach my $line (@parms) {
+	    print("${line}\n");
+	}
+    } else {
+	print(join($output_separator, @parms));
+	print("\n");
+    }
+}
+
+my $rfc822re;
+
+sub make_rfc822re {
+#   Basic lexical tokens are specials, domain_literal, quoted_string, atom, and
+#   comment.  We must allow for rfc822_lwsp (or comments) after each of these.
+#   This regexp will only work on addresses which have had comments stripped
+#   and replaced with rfc822_lwsp.
+
+    my $specials = '()<>@,;:\\\\".\\[\\]';
+    my $controls = '\\000-\\037\\177';
+
+    my $dtext = "[^\\[\\]\\r\\\\]";
+    my $domain_literal = "\\[(?:$dtext|\\\\.)*\\]$rfc822_lwsp*";
+
+    my $quoted_string = "\"(?:[^\\\"\\r\\\\]|\\\\.|$rfc822_lwsp)*\"$rfc822_lwsp*";
+
+#   Use zero-width assertion to spot the limit of an atom.  A simple
+#   $rfc822_lwsp* causes the regexp engine to hang occasionally.
+    my $atom = "[^$specials $controls]+(?:$rfc822_lwsp+|\\Z|(?=[\\[\"$specials]))";
+    my $word = "(?:$atom|$quoted_string)";
+    my $localpart = "$word(?:\\.$rfc822_lwsp*$word)*";
+
+    my $sub_domain = "(?:$atom|$domain_literal)";
+    my $domain = "$sub_domain(?:\\.$rfc822_lwsp*$sub_domain)*";
+
+    my $addr_spec = "$localpart\@$rfc822_lwsp*$domain";
+
+    my $phrase = "$word*";
+    my $route = "(?:\@$domain(?:,\@$rfc822_lwsp*$domain)*:$rfc822_lwsp*)";
+    my $route_addr = "\\<$rfc822_lwsp*$route?$addr_spec\\>$rfc822_lwsp*";
+    my $mailbox = "(?:$addr_spec|$phrase$route_addr)";
+
+    my $group = "$phrase:$rfc822_lwsp*(?:$mailbox(?:,\\s*$mailbox)*)?;\\s*";
+    my $address = "(?:$mailbox|$group)";
+
+    return "$rfc822_lwsp*$address";
+}
+
+sub rfc822_strip_comments {
+    my $s = shift;
+#   Recursively remove comments, and replace with a single space.  The simpler
+#   regexps in the Email Addressing FAQ are imperfect - they will miss escaped
+#   chars in atoms, for example.
+
+    while ($s =~ s/^((?:[^"\\]|\\.)*
+                    (?:"(?:[^"\\]|\\.)*"(?:[^"\\]|\\.)*)*)
+                    \((?:[^()\\]|\\.)*\)/$1 /osx) {}
+    return $s;
+}
+
+#   valid: returns true if the parameter is an RFC822 valid address
+#
+sub rfc822_valid {
+    my $s = rfc822_strip_comments(shift);
+
+    if (!$rfc822re) {
+        $rfc822re = make_rfc822re();
+    }
+
+    return $s =~ m/^$rfc822re$/so && $s =~ m/^$rfc822_char*$/;
+}
+
+#   validlist: In scalar context, returns true if the parameter is an RFC822
+#              valid list of addresses.
+#
+#              In list context, returns an empty list on failure (an invalid
+#              address was found); otherwise a list whose first element is the
+#              number of addresses found and whose remaining elements are the
+#              addresses.  This is needed to disambiguate failure (invalid)
+#              from success with no addresses found, because an empty string is
+#              a valid list.
+
+sub rfc822_validlist {
+    my $s = rfc822_strip_comments(shift);
+
+    if (!$rfc822re) {
+        $rfc822re = make_rfc822re();
+    }
+    # * null list items are valid according to the RFC
+    # * the '1' business is to aid in distinguishing failure from no results
+
+    my @r;
+    if ($s =~ m/^(?:$rfc822re)?(?:,(?:$rfc822re)?)*$/so &&
+	$s =~ m/^$rfc822_char*$/) {
+        while ($s =~ m/(?:^|,$rfc822_lwsp*)($rfc822re)/gos) {
+            push(@r, $1);
+        }
+        return wantarray ? (scalar(@r), @r) : 1;
+    }
+    return wantarray ? () : 0;
+}